Belongs within: Gunneridae.
Contains: Olacaceae, Aquilapollenites, Santalaceae, Loranthus, Amyema.
The Santalales are a clade of flowering plants supported by molecular analyses whose members produce small flowers with a valvate perianth and stamens with anther sacs and filaments (Nickrent et al. 2005). A large proportion of its members, including such forms as the sandalwoods and mistletoes, are at least partially parasitic on other plants.
<==Santalales [Santaliflorae] APG16
|--Balanophoraceae [Balanophoreae] NDA05
| | i. s.: Rhopalocnemis H03
| | Ditepalanthus H03
| | Exorhopala H03
| | Corynaea YY22
| | Lathrophytum YY22
| | Ombrophytum YY22
| | Balanopollis minutus Salard-Cheboldaeff 1978 CBH93
| |--Lophophytum YY22 [Lophophytoideae T00]
| |--Mystropetalon NDA05 [Mystropetaloideae T00]
| | `--M. thomii NDA05
| |--Sarcophytoideae T00
| | |--Chlamydophytum T00
| | `--Sarcophyte T00
| |--Helosidoideae [Scybalioideae] T00
| | |--Scybalium YY22
| | `--Helosis [incl. Durogaster Lloyd 1919] KC01
| | `--H. brasiliensis KC01
| |--Dactylanthoideae T00
| | |--Hachettia austrocaledonica T00, NDA05
| | `--Dactylanthus Hooker 1859 A61
| | `--D. taylori Hooker 1859 A61
| `--Balanophoroideae T00
| |--Langsdorffia T00
| |--Thonningia T00
| `--Balanophora fungosa H03
| |--B. f. ssp. fungosa H03
| `--B. f. ssp. indica H03
`--+--Santalaceae NDA05
`--+--Schoepfia [Schoepfiaceae] NDA05
| |--S. jasminodora SDT88
| `--S. schreberi NDA05
`--Loranthaceae [Loranthoideae] B12
|--Oryctanthus YY22
|--Struthanthus YY22
|--Phthirusa YY22
|--Macrosolen platyphyllus [=Elytranthe platyphylla] P88
|--Nuytsia floribunda RL05
|--Agelanthus discolor CV06
|--Alepis flavida (Hooker) Van Tieghem 1894 BS01, A61 (see below for synonymy)
|--Ileostylus micranthus (Hooker) Van Tieghem 1894 BS01, A61 (see below for synonymy)
|--Amylotheca dictyophleba B00b
|--Benthamina alyxifolia B00b
|--Gaiadendron H11
|--Psittacanthus H11
|--Loranthus A61
|--Amyema B12
|--Gothanipollis CBH93
|--Spinulaepollis arceuthobioides CBH93
|--Expressipollis striatus CBH93
|--Aciella Tiegh. 1894 KC01
|--Dendrophagus Toumey 1900 KC01
|--Lepidella Tiegh. 1911 KC01
|--Atkinsonia Muell. 1865 KC01
| `--A. ligustrina F08
|--Tupeia Cham. & Schlecht. 1828 A61
| `--T. antarctica (Forster) Cham. & Schlecht. 1828 (see below for synonymy) A61
|--Elytranthe Blume 1830 A61
| `--E. adamsii (Cheesem.) Engl. 1897 (see below for synonymy) A61
|--Lysiana LK14
| |--L. exocarpi B00b
| `--L. spathulata LK14
|--Peraxilla BS01
| |--P. colensoi (Hooker) Van Tieghem 1894 BS01, A61 (see below for synonymy)
| `--P. tetrapetala Van Tieghem 1894 BS01, A61 (see below for synonymy)
|--Phrygilanthus Eichl. 1868 A61
| |--P. raoulii (Van Tieghem) Engl. 1897 [=Mullerina raoulii Van Tieghem 1895] A61
| `--P. tenuiflorus (Hooker) Engl. 1897 (see below for synonymy) A61
|--Muellerina B00a
| |--M. celastroides B00a
| `--M. eucalyptoides [=Phrygilanthus eucalyptoides] B00b
|--Loranthacites CBH93
| |--L. catterallii Srivastava 1969 YB02
| `--L. succineus Conwentz 1886 CBH93
|--Diplatia B00a
| |--D. furcata B00a
| |--D. grandibractea LK14
| `--D. tomentosa B00b
|--Dendropemon J87
| |--D. bistratus J87
| |--D. parvifolius J87
| `--D. pycnophyllus J87
|--Dendrophthoe NDA05
| |--D. acacioides VT13
| |--D. curvata B00a
| |--D. falcata KJ05
| |--D. glabrescens B12
| |--D. homoplastica B00b
| |--D. odontocalyx LK14
| |--D. pentandra NDA05
| `--D. vitellina B00a
`--Decaisnina LK14
|--D. angustata LK14
|--D. biangulata LK14
|--D. brittenii LK14
| |--D. b. ssp. brittenii LK14
| `--D. b. ssp. speciosa LK14
`--D. signata LK14
|--D. s. ssp. signata LK14
`--D. s. ssp. cardiophylla LK14
Santalales incertae sedis:
Helixanthera coccinea P88
Opiliaceae T00
|--Opilia amentacea VT13
|--Cansjera leptostachya LK14
`--Opilioxylon nigerinum Koeniguer 1970 CBH93
Eremolepidaceae T00
|--Eubrachion T00
|--Lepidoceras T00
`--Antidaphne [incl. Eremolepis] T00
`--‘Eremolepis’ wrightii J87
Misodendrum A-LL98 [=Myzodendron A-LL98; Misodendraceae T00, Myzodendraceae]
|--M. linearifolium de Candolle 1830 [=Angelopogon linearifolius ms, Myzodendron linearifolium] A-LL98
| |--M. l. var. linearifolium A-LL98
| `--M. l. var. contractum Skottsberg 1913 (see below for synonymy) A-LL98
|--M. oblongifolium de Candolle 1830 [=Angelopogon heterophyllus ms] A-LL98
`--M. punctulatum (see below for synonymy) A-LL98
Olacaceae APG16
Daenikera NDA05
Aquilapollenites CBH93
Nomina nuda: Peraxilla haastii [=Elytranthe haastii] C06
Peraxilla uniflora [=Elytranthe uniflora] C06
Trilepidea ralphii Van Tieghem 1895 C06
Alepis flavida (Hooker) Van Tieghem 1894 BS01, A61 [=Loranthus flavidus Hooker 1853 A61, Elytranthe flavida (Hooker) Engl. 1897 A61; incl. L. polychroa Colenso 1885 C06, Alepis polychroa (Colenso) Van Tieghem 1895 C06]
Elytranthe adamsii (Cheesem.) Engl. 1897 [=Loranthus adamsii Cheesem. 1881, Trilepidea adamsii (Cheesem.) Van Tieghem 1894] A61
Ileostylus micranthus (Hooker) Van Tieghem 1894 BS01, A61 [=Loranthus micranthus Hooker 1853 A61; incl. Viscum antarcticum Cunn. 1839 non Forster 1786 A61, Ileostylus kirkii Van Tieghem 1895 A61]
Misodendrum linearifolium var. contractum Skottsberg 1913 [=M. linearifolium f. monoica Skottsberg 1913 (n. n.)] A-LL98
Misodendrum punctulatum [incl. Mi. punctulatum var. magellanicum de Candolle 1830, Mi. rioquinoense Kuntze 1893, Myzodendron rioquinoense] A-LL98
Peraxilla colensoi (Hooker) Van Tieghem 1894 BS01, A61 [=Loranthus colensoi Hooker 1844 A61, Elytranthe colensoi (Hooker) Engl. 1897 A61]
Peraxilla tetrapetala Van Tieghem 1894 BS01, A61 [=Loranthus tetrapetalus Murr. 1774 A61, Elytranthe tetrapetala (Murr.) Engl. 1897 A61; incl. L. decussatus Kirk 1871 A61, Peraxilla decussata C06, L. fieldii Buchan. 1884 A61, Neamyza fieldii Van Tieghem 1895 C06, L. punctatus Col. 1883 A61, Elytranthe punctata C06, Peraxilla punctata C06]
Phrygilanthus tenuiflorus (Hooker) Engl. 1897 [=Loranthus tenuiflorus Hooker 1853, Hookerella tenuiflora (Hooker) Van Tieghem 1895] A61
Tupeia antarctica (Forster) Cham. & Schlecht. 1828 [=Viscum antarcticum Forster 1786; incl. T. cunninghamii Miq. 1844, V. pubigerum Cunn. 1839, T. pubigera Miq. 1844, T. undulata Colenso 1884] A61
*Type species of generic name indicated
REFERENCES
[A61] Allan, H. H. 1961. Flora of New Zealand vol. 1. Indigenous Tracheophyta: Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Filicopsida, Gymnospermae, Dicotyledones. R. E. Owen, Government Printer: Wellington (New Zealand).
[APG16] Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. 2016. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG IV. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181: 1–20.
[A-LL98] Arroyo-Leuenberger, S., & B. E. Leuenberger. 1998. Type specimens of names in Misodendraceae at the Berlin-Dahlem herbarium (B). Willdenowia 28: 249–252.
[BS01] Bannister, P., & G. L. Strong. 2001. The distribution and population structure of the temperate mistletoe Ileostylus micranthus in the Northern Cemetery, Dunedin, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Botany 39: 225–233.
[B00a] Braby, M. F. 2000a. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 1. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).
[B00b] Braby, M. F. 2000b. Butterflies of Australia: their identification, biology and distribution vol. 2. CSIRO Publishing: Collingwood (Victoria).
[B12] Braby, M. F. 2012. The butterflies of El Questro Wilderness Park, with remarks on the taxonomy of the Kimberley fauna, Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum 27 (2): 161–175.
[C06] Cheeseman, T. F. 1906. Manual of the New Zealand Flora. John Mackay, Government Printer: Wellington.
[CBH93] Collinson, M. E., M. C. Boulter & P. L. Holmes. 1993. Magnoliophyta (‘Angiospermae’). In: Benton, M. J. (ed.) The Fossil Record 2 pp. 809–841. Chapman & Hall: London.
[CV06] Craven, P., & P. Vorster. 2006. Patterns of plant diversity and endemism in Namibia. Bothalia 36 (2): 175–189.
[F08] Fletcher, J. J. 1908. Notes and exhibits. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 33: 344.
[H03] Heads, M. 2003. Ericaceae in Malesia: Vicariance biogeography, terrane tectonics and ecology. Telopea 10 (1): 311–449.
[H11] Hilty, S. L. 2011. Family Thraupidae (tanagers). In: Hoyo, J. del, A. Elliott & D. A. Christie (eds) Handbook of the Birds of the World vol. 16. Tanagers to New World Blackbirds pp. 46–329. Lynx Edicions: Barcelona.
[J87] Judd, W. S. 1987. Floristic study of Morne La Visite and Pic Macaya National Parks, Haiti. Bulletin of the Florida State Museum—Biological Sciences 32 (1): 1–136.
[KJ05] Katewa, S. S., A. Jain, B. L. Chaudhary & P. Galav. 2005. Some unreported medicinal uses of plants from the tribal area of Southern Rajasthan. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 47 (1-4): 121–130.
[KC01] Kirk, P. M., P. F. Cannon, J. C. David & J. A. Stalpers. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi 9th ed. CAB International: Wallingford (UK).
[LK14] Lyons, M. N., G. J. Keighery, L. A. Gibson & T. Handasyde. 2014. Flora and vegetation communities of selected islands off the Kimberley coast of Western Australia. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 205–244.
[NDA05] Nickrent, D. L., J. P. Der & F. E. Anderson. 2005. Discovery of the photosynthetic relatives of the "Maltese mushroom" Cynomorium. BMC Evolutionary Biology 5: 38.
[P88] Polunin, I. 1988. Plants and Flowers of Malaysia. Times Editions: Singapore.
[RL05] Rafferty, C., & B. B. Lamont. 2005. Selective feeding by macropods on vegetation regenerating following fire. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 88 (4): 155–165.
[SDT88] Schaefer, C. W., W. R. Dolling & S. Tachikawa. 1988. The shieldbug genus Parastrachia and its position within the Pentatomoidea (Insecta: Hemiptera). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 283–311.
[T00] Thorne, R. F. 2000. The classification and geography of the flowering plants: dicotyledons of the class Angiospermae (subclasses Magnoliidae, Ranunculidae, Caryophyllidae, Dilleniidae, Rosidae, Asteridae, and Lamiidae). The Botanical Review 66: 441–647.
[VT13] Vigilante, T., J. Toohey, A. Gorring, V. Blundell, T. Saunders, S. Mangolamara, K. George, J. Oobagooma, M. Waina, K. Morgan & K. Doohan. 2013. Island country: aboriginal connections, values and knowledge of the Western Australian Kimberley islands in the context of an island biological survey. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 81: 145–182.
[YY22] Yampolsky, C., & H. Yampolsky. 1922. Distribution of sex forms in the phanerogamic flora. Bibliotheca Genetica 3: 1–62.
[YB02] Yi, S., & D. J. Batten. 2002. Palynology of Upper Cretaceous (uppermost Campanian-Maastrichtian) deposits in the South Yellow Sea Basin, offshore Korea. Cretaceous Research 23: 687–706.
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