Abstract
Echinodorus ‘Indian Red’ is an underwater plant, used worldwide for aquarium ornamentation. An efficient method for in vitro propagation and plantlet acclimatization of this popular aquarium plant was standardized. Surface-disinfected shoot-tips were cultured in submerged conditions in a solid–liquid bilayer medium, consisting of an upper, liquid layer (sterile distilled water) and a lower, solid layer Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 3.0% (w/v) sucrose, 0.8% (w/v) agar-agar, and plant growth regulators (PGRs) in different combinations and concentrations. The combination of 2.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine and 1.0 mg L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid improved the multiplication rate to a maximum of 26.8 ± 0.51 shoots per explant after 60 d of culture. The number of multiplied shoots increased with each regeneration cycle, thus from only 26.8 ± 0.51 shoots per explant (first regeneration cycle), this number increased to 33.5 ± 0.58 (second regeneration cycle), and to 38.3 ± 0.62 for the third regeneration cycle with the same medium composition. The highest number of roots (8.3 ± 0.28) per shoot was induced in the presence of 1.0 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid, but further growth of these roots was stunted. The best rooting was achieved on PGR-free ½-strength MS medium, where 6.1 ± 0.21 roots per shoot were induced with 5.8 ± 0.35 cm length after 30 d of culture. The regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized to submerged underwater conditions, with 100% survival rate. The present protocol is suitable for the commercial propagation of Echinodorus ‘Indian Red’ for aquarium-industries.
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Acknowledgements
SMH acknowledges the Ministry of Minority Affairs and the University Grant Commission (UGC) of India for providing Maulana Azad National Fellowship (MANF). The authors acknowledge Swami Kamalasthananda, Principal, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, Rahara, Kolkata, India for the facilities provided for this study. Further, the authors are thankful to aquarium hobbyist Mr. Diptarup Das for gifting us initial plant materials and Mr. Anupam Das for providing consent to use his aquariums during acclimatization of the regenerated plants. The DST-FIST program is also acknowledged hereby for infrastructural facilities.
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Editor: Masaru Nakano
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Haque, S.M., Ghosh, B. A submerged culture system for rapid micropropagation of the commercially important aquarium plant, ‘Amazon sword’ (Echinodorus ‘Indian Red’). In Vitro Cell.Dev.Biol.-Plant 55, 81–87 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-018-9938-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11627-018-9938-6