Abstract
The generation of free radicals results in an overwhelming oxidative status thereby resulting in oxidative stress (OS). OS is significant in the aetiology and pathogenesis of many metabolic conditions such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemical contents and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic (85% w/v) leaf extracts and solvent fractions (n-hexane, ethylacetate, n-butanol, and aqueous of Tapinanthus cordifolius (TC) and Irvingia wombolu (IW). Ethanolic leaf extracts of TC and IW and the solvent fractions were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening and antioxidant assessment using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging activities and compared. The radical scavenging activity was determined by half maximum inhibition concentration (IC50). Comparative phytochemical screening of TC and IW ethanolic extracts and solvent fractions revealed the presence of phenols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and anthraquinones in both plants and steroid only in IW and cardiac glycoside only in TC. The difference between the total phenol (TP) content of IW and TC were not significant, while the total flavonoid (TF) content of TC was significantly (P < 0.05) increased compared to that of IW. The IC50 values of the ABTS, DPPH, and NO scavenging assays for TC, IW, and ascorbic acids are 2.479 ± 0.096, 2.475 ± 0.0096, and 3.162554 ± 0.4230 μg/mL; 1.275 ± 0.004, 7.293 ± 0.0045, and 0.4361 ± 0.0076 μg/mL; and 8.9608 ± 0.0054, 1.4278 ± 0.0005, and 0.8357 ± 0.0029 μg/mL, respectively. The difference between the ABTS, DPPH, and NO IC50 values of TC was significantly decreased compared to the IW. This study revealed that TC has the highest scavenging activity in various radical systems. The antioxidant activity of IW and TC extracts could be due to flavonoids and phenols. This study justifies the therapeutic potential of the plants as antioxidant agents.
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Amarachi, CE., Olamilekan, A.N., Adamu, A., Humphery, A.A., Olujoke, O.O. (2023). Comparative Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Tapinanthus cordifolius and Irvingia wombolu Leaf Extracts. In: Isibor, P.O., Akinduti, P., Oranusi, S.U., Popoola, J.O. (eds) Biotechnological Approaches to Sustainable Development Goals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-33370-5_15
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