- Etiology: Presacral germ cell tumor consisting of totipotential cells of Hensen’s node (caudal cell mass migrates anteriorly to coccyx)
- Imaging: mass is cystic / solid / mixed, may have increased vascularity, may have calcification
- Types: based on location in relationship to pelvis
— Type I – external
— Type II – external with intrapelvic component
— Type III – primarily internal with external component
— Type IV – entirely internal - DDX: presacral mass
- Complications: may transform into malignancy
- Treatment: surgery
- Clinical: AFP elevated, most common solid tumor in neonates, most common congenital neoplasm, 90% benign at birth, can present with high output congestive heart failure, may have hydrops fetalis particularly when solid, may be part of Currarino triad