Abstract
In the present study, we describe a new nodulose-spored Inocybe species based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidences. The new species is discovered in a Carpinus forest in Hainan Province, tropical China. It is characterized by a small and slender habit, brown to umber brown pileus with an acutely pointed umbo, sub-distant lamellae, brownish stripes covered with appressed vesture, nodulose to sub-stellate basidiospores, and slightly thick-walled hymenial cystidia. Multi-locus phylogenetic analysis revealed its unique phylogenetic position and placed the new species in a well-supported clade comprising a series of nodulose- and spiny-spored taxa. A detailed description, color photos of different development stages of basidiomata and its micro-structures, and a discussion on its closely related taxa are provided.
References
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<p>Bandini, D., Oertel, B. & Eberhardt, U. (2021) A fresh outlook on the smooth-spored species of <em>Inocybe</em>: type studies and 18 new species. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 20: 1019–1114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01712-w</p>
<p>Bandini, D., Oertel, B. & Eberhardt, U. (2022) Even more fibre-caps (3): twenty-one new species of the family Inocybaceae. <em>Mycologia Bavarica</em> 22: 31–138.</p>
<p>Bandini, D., Oertel, B., Schüssler, C. & Eberhardt, U. (2020) Even more fibre-caps: fifteen new and two poorly known species of genus <em>Inocybe</em>. <em>Mycologia Bavarica</em> 20: 13–101.</p>
<p>Bau, T. & Yan, J.Q. (2021) A new genus and four new species in the /<em>Psathyrella</em> s.l. clade from China. <em>MycoKeys</em> 2021, 80: 115–131. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.80.65123</p>
<p>Bau, T. (2022) <em>Sinica Fungarum China Vol. 53: Inocybaceae</em>. Science Press, Beijing, pp. 251.</p>
<p>Bhunjun, C.S., Niskanen, T., Suwannarach, N., Wannathes, N., Chen, Y.J., McKenzie, E.H., Maharachchikumbura, S.S., Buyck, B., Zhao, C.L., Fan, Y.G., Zhang, J.Y., Dissanayake, A.J., Marasinghe, D.S., Jayawardena, R.S., Kumla, J., Padamsee, M., Chen, Y.Y., Liimatainen, Kare., Ammirati, J.F., Phukhamsakda, C., Liu, J.K., Phonrob, W., Randrianjohany, É., Hongsanan, S., Cheewangkoon, R., Bundhun, Digvijayini., Khuna, Surapong., Yu, W.J., Deng, L.S., Lu, Y.Z., Hyde, K.D. & Lumyong, S. (2022) The numbers of fungi: are the most speciose genera truly diverse? <em>Fungal Diversity</em> 114: 387–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-022-00501-4</p>
<p>Fan, Y.G. & Bau, T. (2010) A revised checklist of the genus <em>Inocybe</em> (Fr.) Fr. in China. <em>Journal of Fungal Research</em> 8: 189–193.</p>
<p>Fan, Y.G. & Bau, T. (2013) Two striking <em>Inocybe</em> species from Yunnan Province, China. <em>Mycotaxon</em> 123: 169–181. https://doi.org/10.5248/123.169</p>
<p>Fan, Y.G. & Bau, T. (2014a) <em>Inocybe hainanensis</em>, a new lilac-stiped species from tropical China. <em>Mycosystema</em> 33: 954–960. https://doi.org/10.13346 /j.mycosystema.140043</p>
<p>Fan, Y.G. & Bau, T. (2014b) <em>Inocybe miyiensis</em>, a new two-spored species in section <em>Marginatae</em> from China. <em>Nova Hedwigia</em> 98: 179–185. https://doi.org/10.1127/0029-5035/2013/0135</p>
<p>Fan, Y.G., Wu, R.H. & Bau, T. (2018) Two new species and eight newly recorded species of subg. <em>Inocybe</em> from China. <em>Journal of Fungal Researc</em>h 16: 70–83. https://doi.org/10.13341/j.jfr.2018.1211</p>
<p>Fan, Y.G. & Bau, T. (2020) Two new smooth-spored species of <em>Inocybe</em> (Inocybaceae, Agaricales) from Gansu Province, northwestern China. <em>Mycosystema </em>39 (9): 1694–1705. https://doi.org/10.13346/j.mycosystema.200210</p>
<p>Ferrari, E. (2006) <em>Inocybe</em> <em>alpine e subalpine.</em> <em>Fungi non Delineati XXXIV-XXXV-XXXVI.</em> Edizioni Candusso, Alassio, pp. 457.</p>
<p>Gardes, M. & Bruns, T.D. (1993) ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes—application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. <em>Molecular Ecology</em> 2: 113–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x</p>
<p>Ge, Y.P., Liu, Z., Zeng, H., Cheng, X.H. & Na, Q. (2021) Updated description of <em>Atheniella</em> (Mycenaceae, Agaricales), including three new species with brightly coloured pilei from Yunnan Province, southwest China. <em>MycoKeys</em> 81: 139–164. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.139.67773</p>
<p>Hall, T.A. (1999) BioEdit: A User-Friendly Biological Sequence Alignment Editor and Analysis Program for Windows 95/98/NT. <em>Nucleic Acids Symposium Series</em> 41: 95–98.</p>
<p>Horak, E. (1979) <em>Astrosporina</em> (Agaricales) in Indomalaya and Australia. <em>Persoonia</em> 10: 157–205.</p>
<p>Horak, E. (1980) <em>Inocybe</em> (Agaricales) in Indomalaya and Australasia. <em>Persoonia</em> 11: 1–37.</p>
<p>Horak, E., Matheny, P.B., Desjardin, D.E. & Soytong, K. (2015) The genus <em>Inocybe</em> (Inocybaceae, Agaricales, Basidiomycota) in Thailand and Malaysia. <em>Phytotaxa</em> 230 (3): 201–238. https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/ phytotaxa.230.3.1</p>
<p>Katoh, K., Rozewicki, J. & Yamada, K.D. (2019) MAFFT online service: multiple sequence alignment, interactive sequence choice and visualization. <em>Briefings in Bioinformatics</em> 20 (4): 1160–1166. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064646</p>
<p>Kobayashi, T. (2009) Notes on the genus <em>Inocybe</em> of Japan. IV. Species having metuloids collected from Hokkaido, Honshu, and Kyushu. <em>Mycoscience</em> 50: 203–211. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10267-008-0472-y</p>
<p>Kokkonen, K. & Vauras, J. (2012) Eleven new boreal species of <em>Inocybe</em> with nodulose spores. <em>Mycological Progress</em> 11: 299–341. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-0110783-9.</p>
<p>Kornerup, A. & Wanscher, J.H. (1978) <em>Methuen handbook of colour, 3rd Edition</em>. Methuen, London, 252 pp.</p>
<p>Kropp, B.R., Matheny, P.B. & Nanagyulyan, S.G. (2010) Phylogenetic taxonomy of the <em>Inocybe splendens</em> group and evolution of supersection “<em>Marginatae</em>”. <em>Mycologia</em> 102: 560–573. https://dx.doi.org/10.3852/08-032</p>
<p>Latha, K.P.D. & Manimohan, P. (2017) <em>Inocybes of Kerala</em>. SporePrint Books, Calicut, India, pp. 181.</p>
<p>Li, S.N., Xu, F., Jiang, M., Liu, F., Wu, F., Zhang, P., Fan, Y.G. & Chen, Z.H. (2021) Two new toxic yellow <em>Inocybe</em> species from China: morphological characteristics, phylogenetic analyses and toxin detection. <em>MycoKeys</em> 81: 185–204. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.68485</p>
<p>Liu, Y.Y., Sheng, Q.Q., He, W.Y., Ye, S.Y., Li, J.W. & Zhou, S.C. (2021) Advances in physiology and ecology of <em>Carpinus</em> L. <em>Chinese Wild Plant Resources</em> 40 (4): 65–69.</p>
<p>Matheny, P.B. & Bougher, N.L. (2017) <em>Fungi of Australia: Inocybaceae.</em> ABRS, Canberra & CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne, pp. 582.</p>
<p>Matheny, P.B. & Kudzma, L.V. (2019) New species of <em>Inocybe</em> (Inocybaceae) from eastern North America. <em>The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society</em> 146 (3): 213–235. https://doi.org/10.3159/TORREY-D-18-00060.1</p>
<p>Matheny, P.B. (2005) Improving phylogenetic inference of mushrooms using RPB1 and RPB2 sequences (<em>Inocybe</em>, Agaricales). <em>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</em> 35: 1–20.</p>
<p>Matheny, P.B., Aime, M.C., Smith, M.E. & Henkel, T.W. (2012) New species and reports of <em>Inocybe </em>(Agaricales) from Guyana. <em>Kurtziana</em> 37 (1): 23–39.</p>
<p>Matheny, P.B., Hobbs, A.M. & Esteve-Raventósi, F. (2020) Genera of Inocybaceae: New skin for the old ceremony. <em>Mycologia</em> 112 (1): 83–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/00275514.2019.1668906</p>
<p>Meidl, P., Furneaux, B., Tchan, K.I., Kluting, K., Ryberg, M., Guissou, M.-L., Soro, B., Traoré, A., Konomou, G., Yorou, N.S. & Rosling, A. (2021) Soil fungal communities of ectomycorrhizal dominated woodlands across West Africa. <em>MycoKeys</em> 81: 45–68. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.81.66249</p>
<p>Mešić, A., Haelewaters, D., Tkalčec, Z., Liu, J., Kušan, I., Aime, M.C. & Pošta, A. (2021) <em>Inocybe brijunica</em> sp. nov., a new ectomycorrhizal fungus from Mediterranean Croatia revealed by morphology and multilocus phylogenetic analysis. <em>Journal of Fungi</em> 7: 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7030199</p>
<p>Na, Q., Liu, Z., Zeng, H., Heng, X. & Ge, Y.P. (2022) <em>Crepidotus yuanchui</em> sp. nov. and <em>C. caspari</em> found in subalpine areas of China. <em>Mycoscience</em> 63: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.47371/mycosci.2021.10.004</p>
<p>Nylander, J. (2004) MrModeltest V2. Program distributed by the author. <em>Bioinformatics</em> 24: 581–583.</p>
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