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Note
On the rediscovery of a rare root parasite Gleadovia
ruborum Gamble & Prain (Orobanchaceae) from
Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India
Amit Kumar, Navendu V. Page, Bhupendra S. Adhikari, Manoj V. Nair & Gopal S. Rawat
26 July 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 8 | Pages: 19185–19188
DOI: 10.11609/jott.6686.13.8.19185-19188
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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 July 2021 | 13(8): 19185–19188
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
OPEN ACCESS
https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6686.13.8.19185-19188
#6686 | Received 08 September 2020 | Final received 15 April 2021 | Finally accepted 22 June 2021
NOTE
On the rediscovery of a rare root parasite Gleadovia ruborum Gamble &
Prain (Orobanchaceae) from Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India
Amit Kumar 1 , Navendu V. Page 2 , Bhupendra S. Adhikari 3 , Manoj V. Nair 4
& Gopal S. Rawat 5
1,2,3,5
Wildlife Institute of India, Chandrabani, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248002, India.
Lal Bahadur Shastri National Academy of Administration, Mussoorie, Uttarakhand 248179, India.
1
amit@wii.gov.in, 2 navendu@wii.gov.in, 3 adhikaribs@wii.gov.in (corresponding author), 4 manojnair74@gmail.com,
5
rawatg@wii.gov.in
4
The family Orobanchaceae Vent. comprising
ca. 2,060 species under 90 genera are distributed
across all continents except Antarctica (McNeal
et al. 2013). Commonly known as the broomrape
family, Orobanchaceae includes holoparasites (nonphotosynthetic) that depend on their hosts and hemiparasites (photosynthetic), most of which were earlier
kept in Scrophulariaceae. Pedicularis L. with ca. 600
species (Li et al. 2019) followed by Euphrasia L. (250–
300 species), Castilleja Mutis ex L.f. (200–210 species),
Buchnera L. (130–140 species), and Orobanche L. (80–
100 species) are the largest genera under this family
(POWO). The genus Gleadovia Gamble & Prain, a
member of Orobanchaceae is native to the western and
eastern Himalaya in India and southwestern Yunnan to
western Hunan, China. Described by J.S. Gamble and D.
Prain in 1900, Gleadovia is currently represented by four
species namely G. ruborum Gamble & Prain (type species;
Uttarakhand in western Himalaya, India and China:
1900), G. mupinensis Hu (China: 1939), G. banerjiana
Deb (Manipur, India: 1957) and G. konyakianorum
Odyuo, D.K. Roy & Aver. (Nagaland, India: 2017).
During a recent floristic exploration (June–July
2020) in and around Surkanda in the outer Himalayan
Editor: Anonymity requested.
range of Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, an interesting
plant species of family Orobanchaceae was observed.
Detailed study of the characters observed in the field,
scrutiny of literature (Gamble & Prain 1900; Issar
1966; Wu & Raven 1998; Agarwal 2017; Roy 2017) and
examination of online herbarium specimens at Kew
(J.S. Gamble, 26949K! (K000999865 and K000999866))
and DD (Osmaston, 23093; Charlton Thomas, 20794)
revealed that the taxon is a rare root parasite, Gleadovia
ruborum, a species previously known only from three
localities (Figure 1). The species was originally collected
by M.F. Gleadov in 1898 and later described by J.S.
Gamble and D. Prain in 1900 from Bodyar (Budher) near
Chakrata, Uttarakhand. The species was recollected
from the same locality by Osmaston in 1900. Later, it
was also collected by Charlton Thomas in 1951 from
Balate valley in eastern Almora (now in Pithoragarh
district), Kumaon and Ramesh Bedi in 1964 (GKV 1234)
from Yamuna Forest Division, Garhwal (Issar 1966).
The plant specimen of G. ruborum along with roots of
the host, Rubus pedunculosus has been preserved (wet
specimen) following standard methods and deposited at
the herbarium of the Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun
(WII). Detailed information on the distribution range,
Date of publication: 26 July 2021 (online & print)
Citation: Kumar, A., N.V. Page, B.S. Adhikari, M.V. Nair & G.S. Rawat (2021). On the rediscovery of a rare root parasite Gleadovia ruborum Gamble & Prain (Orobanchaceae) from Uttarakhand, western Himalaya, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa 13(8): 19185–19188. https://doi.org/10.11609/jott.6686.13.8.19185-19188
Copyright: © Kumar et al. 2021. Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. JoTT allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of this article
in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
Funding: Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Acknowledgements: The authors are thankful to the director and dean, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun for providing necessary facilities.
19185
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Rediscovery of a rare Gleadovia ruborum from Uttarakhand
known host, habitat, elevation range and phenology of
Gleadovia species are provided in Table 1.
Gleadovia ruborum Gamble & Prain, J. Asiat. Soc.
Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 69(2): 489 (1900).
Type: Northwestern Himalaya. Bodyar Jaunsar,
2,500–3,000 m; on the northern slopes in very shady
forest of Fir and Deodar on the roots of wild Raspberry
Rubus niveus; very scarce, Gleadov! Gamble! Duthie!
Duthie’s collectors!
Lectotype (Roy 2017): India. Erstwhile Uttar Pradesh
Hills (now Uttarakhand): northwestern Himalaya,
Jaunsar, Bodyar (on the northern slopes in very shady
woods of Fir and Deodar), 2,500–3,000 m, June 1898,
J.S. Gamble 26949-K! (K000999865); Isolectotypes-K!
(K000999866); CAL! (Acc. No. 329959).
Fleshy, root-parasitic herb 10–18 cm high. Rootstock
bulbous and swollen at the point of attachment with the
host root. Stem largely sub-terranean, with ovate scales;
lower scales rounded, upper oblong and sometimes
bifid. Flowers in dense corymbose or paniculate
inflorescences at the end of stem. Pedicel stout ca.
Kumar et al.
0.8cm long. Bracts solitary, ca. 1.5 cm long, sheathing,
rounded; bracteoles two, 1.5–2.5 cm long, spatulate,
acute, concave. Calyx 2.5–3 cm long, light red, tubular,
somewhat inflated, equally five-lobed, lobes rounded,
divided to less than half the tube length. Corolla up to
5 cm long, white at the base, reddish towards the apex,
with dark longitudinal veins; tube much longer than
the calyx, slightly curved, two-lipped; upper lip of two
connate, rounded, lobes; lower lip of three narrow, acute
lobes. Stamens 4; filaments bent at point of insertion;
anthers spurred, connectives produced beyond the
anther lobes, 3-fid at the apex. Ovary one-celled, ovate.
Style shorter than the filaments; stigma of two fleshy,
semi-orbicular lobes depressed in the centre; placenta
2 pairs, free below and above, confluent in the middle;
ovules numerous. Seeds numerous, minute.
Etymology: Genus ‘Gleadovia’ is dedicated to
M.F. Gleadov who was first to discover it in 1898 and
‘ruborum’ refers to red corolla with darker veins.
Specimen examined: 22201 (WII, wet collection of
flowers), 20.vi.2020, India, Uttarakhand, Surkanda hill
Figure 1. Map showing distribution of Gleadovia ruborum in Uttarakhand, India.
19186
Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 July 2021 | 13(8): 19185–19188
Rediscovery of a rare Gleadovia ruborum from Uttarakhand
Kumar et al.
Table 1. Distribution range, habitat, host, elevation range, and phenology of Gleadovia species.
Elevation (m)
Flowering (fl.)
and fruiting (fr.)
Reference
Roots of wild
raspberry, Rubus
pedunculosus
2,500–3,000
Jun–Jul (fl.),
Jul–Aug (fr.)
Gamble & Prain
(1900), Issar (1966),
Agarwal (2017),
Roy (2017), present
study
Temperate rainforest
under bamboo; humid
places in forests or
thickets
Not ascertained
900–3,500
Apr–Aug (fl.),
Aug–Oct (fr.)
Gamble & Prain
(1900), Wu & Raven
(1998)
Southcentral and
Southeastern China
Roadsides, forests and
humid places
Not ascertained
3,000–3,500
Apr–Jul (fl.)
Hu (1939), Wu &
Raven (1998)
Gleadovia
banerjiana
Koubru hill, Manipur,
India
-
Roots of
Strobilanthes
discolor
1,800–2,000
-
Deb (1956)
Gleadovia
konyakianorum
Nagaland, India
Semi-evergreen forest
Roots of
Strobilanthes sp.
1,500–1,600
Apr (fl)
Odyuo et al. (2017)
Species
Distribution range
Habitat
Host
Chakrata (Budher)
and Mussoorie
hills (Surkanda) in
Uttarakhand, western
Himalaya, India
Northern slopes in very
shady Cedrus deodara
- Abies pindrow and
Abies pindrow - Quercus
floribunda forests
Southwestern Yunnan
to western Hunan,
China
Gleadovia
mupinensis
Gleadovia
ruborum
near Mussoorie of Tehri Garhwal district, 30.4150N,
78.2800E, 2,450 m, coll. N. Page, A. Kumar, B.S. Adhikari
& G.S. Rawat; 22202 (WII, wet collection of the fruiting
specimen along with rootstock of host plant), 08.vii.2020,
India, Uttarakhand, Surkanda hill near Mussoorie of
Tehri District, 30.4150N, 78.2800E, 2,450m, coll. N. Page,
A. Kumar, B.S. Adhikari & G.S. Rawat (Image 1).
Distribution range, host, and habitat: G. ruborum
was first recorded in shady forest at Bodyar or Budher
in Jaunsar, Dehradun district at 2,500 m above mean
sea level by M.F. Gleadov in 1898 (Gamble & Prain
1900). Interestingly, it shows disjunct distribution as
it has also been reported in northern Guangxi, Hubei,
western Hunan and southwestern Yunnan areas of
China (Hu 1939; eflora China). Notably, it has not been
recorded anywhere else from India and China (Agarwal
2017). Issar (1966), Roy (2017), and Osmaston (1900)
had recorded Glaedovia ruborum on the roots of Rubus
pedunculosus (R. niveus Wall. ex. Hook; Agarwal 2017).
Agarwal (2017) studied the flora of Chakrata hills in
detail but he could not locate populations of G. ruborum
in its type locality despite best efforts. In Surkanda (the
new locality), all the four individuals were recorded
on the roots of Rubus pedunculosus in Abies pindrowQuercus floribunda forest at 2,450 m on northern
slopes. The common species recorded in the vicinity
(314 m2) of Gleadovia were Quercus floribunda, Abies
pindrow, Viburnum cotinifolium, Daphne papyracea,
Salix denticulata, Rosa macrophylla, Hypericum
oblongifolium, Senecio rufinervis, Roscoea purpurea,
and Geranium wallichianum.
Conservation status: G. ruborum has been assessed
as ‘rare’ and ‘extremely rare’ by Issar (1966) and Agarwal
(2017), respectively. The IUCN conservation status of
this species is yet to be assessed.
In the current communication, we report a new
locality of G. ruborum at 2,450 m in Surkanda near
Mussoorie of Tehri Garhwal district, Uttarakhand.
The present collection marks the rediscovery of the
species after a gap of 57 years from a new locality in
the Uttarakhand, western Himalaya. The new location
is approximately 60km from the type locality. Intensive
surveys in the right season, in temperate and sub-alpine
shady moist forests with a dense undergrowth of Rubus
pedunculosus may yield more distributional records and
better understanding of its distributional range.
REFERENCES
Agarwal, S.K. (2017). Flora of Jaunsar-Bawar (Chakrata Hills, Western
Himalaya): with ethno-botanical notes. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal
Singh, Dehradun, 1001pp.
Deb, D.B. (1957). A new species of Gleadovia Gamble et Prain from
Manipur. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 54(3): 799–
801.
Gamble, J.S. & D. Prain (1900). Description of a new Himalayan genus
of Orobanchaceae. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 69(2):
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Hu, H.H. (1939). On the genus Gleadovia in China. Sunyatsenia 4(1–2):
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Plants of the World Online (POWO). Available from https://www.
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Journal of Threatened Taxa | www.threatenedtaxa.org | 26 July 2021 | 13(8): 19185–19188
19187
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Rediscovery of a rare Gleadovia ruborum from Uttarakhand
Kumar et al.
Image 1. Host and habit of Gleadovia
ruborum: A—Rubus pedunculosus - the
host species (© Amit Kumar) | B—Habit
showing scales on the stem (© Navendu
Page) | C—Inflorescences and flowers (©
B.S. Adhikari) | D—Section of the corolla
showing the stamens, stigma and the
ovary (© Navendu Page) | E—Close-up of
fruit (© Navendu Page).
Roy, D.K. (2017). Lectotypification of the name Gleadoviaruborum
Gamble & Prain (Orobanchaceae). Phytotaxa 323(2): 197–198.
https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.323.2.9
Wu, Z.Y. & P.H. Raven (eds.) (1998). Flora of China (Scrophulariaceae
through Gesneriaceae). Science Press, Beijing and Missouri
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Threatened Taxa
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The Journal of Threatened Taxa (JoTT) is dedicated to building evidence for conservation globally by
publishing peer-reviewed articles online every month at a reasonably rapid rate at www.threatenedtaxa.org.
All articles published in JoTT are registered under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
unless otherwise mentioned. JoTT allows allows unrestricted use, reproduction, and distribution of articles
in any medium by providing adequate credit to the author(s) and the source of publication.
ISSN 0974-7907 (Online) | ISSN 0974-7893 (Print)
www.threatenedtaxa.org
July 2021 | Vol. 13 | No. 8 | Pages: 18959–19190
Date of Publication: 26 July 2021 (Online & Print)
DOI: 10.11609/jott.2021.13.8.18959-19190
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