HAUSTORIUM - International Parasitic Plant Society
HAUSTORIUM - International Parasitic Plant Society
HAUSTORIUM - International Parasitic Plant Society
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Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
<strong>HAUSTORIUM</strong><br />
<strong>Parasitic</strong> <strong>Plant</strong>s Newsletter<br />
Official Organ of the <strong>International</strong> <strong>Parasitic</strong><br />
<strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Society</strong><br />
December 2003 Number 44<br />
IPPS SYMPOSIUM ON PARASITIC<br />
WEEDS<br />
We are pleased to announce that the next IPPS<br />
Symposium will take place in Durban (South<br />
Africa) on June 24-25, 2004, in collaboration<br />
with the <strong>International</strong> Weed Science Congress<br />
(IWSC).<br />
The Symposium will include three workshops:<br />
1. Striga management in various cropping<br />
systems.<br />
2. Genetic variation in parasitic weeds.<br />
3. Physiological and molecular aspects of<br />
parasitic plant development.<br />
IPPS members are also invited to attend the<br />
<strong>Parasitic</strong> Weeds Sessions of the 4th <strong>International</strong><br />
Weed Science Congress, scheduled on Thursday<br />
24 June. The IPPS Symposia and the IWSC<br />
parasitic weeds sessions are complementary, so<br />
that all participants will have the opportunity to<br />
discuss parasitic weeds within the wider scope of<br />
weed biology and control.<br />
Programme:<br />
Thursday 24 June 2004<br />
IWSC Plenary lecture - The parasitic weed<br />
problem and its fate in the 21st century.<br />
IWSC session - Progress in parasitic weed<br />
research, with invited lectures on:<br />
1. Understanding key developmental processes<br />
in parasitic weeds (Gebisa Ejeta).<br />
2. New methodologies for the management of<br />
parasitic weeds (Joel Ransom).<br />
3. Mechanisms of resistance and their<br />
application in susceptible crops (Andre Fer).<br />
4. Demography of parasitic weeds and its impact<br />
on management (Paula Westerman).<br />
IPPS Workshop - Striga management in various<br />
cropping systems.<br />
Poster session on parasitic weeds, including<br />
discussion of selected contributions.<br />
Friday 25 June 2004<br />
IPPS Workshop - Genetic variation in parasitic<br />
weeds.<br />
IPPS Workshop - Physiological and molecular<br />
aspects of parasitic plant development.<br />
Registration:<br />
Registration is organized by the IWSC. Please<br />
fill in the form that is found at:<br />
https://secure.turners.co.za/iwsc2004/form.asp#P<br />
ayment<br />
Registration rates:<br />
Thursday-Friday IWSC sessions and parasitic<br />
weed symposium (for those not attending the<br />
IWSC):<br />
IPPS members US$ 120<br />
IPPS students US$ 50<br />
Non-members US$ 180<br />
Non-member students US$ 50<br />
Friday IPPS symposium for those registered for<br />
the IWSC<br />
IPPS members Free<br />
Non-members US$ 50<br />
Call for papers:<br />
Papers are invited for the three Workshops of the<br />
IPPS Symposium. Authors are requested to<br />
submit a short summary of their intended<br />
contribution in the form of an abstract as<br />
described for the IWSC conference at:<br />
(http://www.iwsc2004.org.za/Abstracts.htm).<br />
The only modification necessary is to include the<br />
words, “IPPS Symposium:” in front of the<br />
abstract title. The summary should be of not<br />
more than 250 words. It should include a clear<br />
definition of the objective and approach, present<br />
sufficient details regarding results, pointing out<br />
1
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
material that is new. The authors are asked to<br />
indicate whether they wish to contribute a poster<br />
or an oral presentation. The Scientific Committee<br />
reserves the right to request authors to present a<br />
poster after submission of summary for oral<br />
presentation. Contributions will be refereed. All<br />
accepted contributions will be published on the<br />
IPPS website.<br />
The deadline for abstract submission is February<br />
20, 2004.<br />
Scientific Organizing Committee:<br />
H. Bouwmeester (the Netherlands)<br />
P. Delavault (France)<br />
G. Ejeta (USA)<br />
D.M. Joel (Israel)<br />
F. Kanampiu (Kenya)<br />
M. Press (UK)<br />
B. Roman (Spain)<br />
M.P. Timko (USA)<br />
J.A.C Verkleij (the Netherlands)<br />
J.H. Westwood (USA)<br />
K. Yoneyama (Japan)<br />
W.J. Zou (China)<br />
Danny Joel, IPPS Secretary<br />
dmjoel@volcani.agri.gov.il<br />
THE 4TH INTERNATIONAL WEED<br />
SCIENCE CONGRESS<br />
We also encourage IPPS members who are<br />
interested in parasitic weed control to attend the<br />
4th <strong>International</strong> Weed Science Congress, on 20-<br />
24 June in the same place, where many aspects<br />
of weed science will be discussed in detail. More<br />
information on the Congress can be found at:<br />
http://www.iwsc2004.org.za/<br />
We are looking forward to meeting all parasitic<br />
plant researchers and sharing results and views<br />
and for fruitful discussions and for the promotion<br />
of parasitic plant research.<br />
Useful internet addresses:<br />
Congress venue (ICC) in Durban: www.icc.co.za<br />
Accommodations in South Africa:<br />
www.portfoliocollection.co.za<br />
Kingdom of the Zulu: www.zulu.org.za<br />
Kwazulu-Natal Parks: www.kznwildlife.com<br />
City of Durban: www.kwazulu-natal.co.za/DBN<br />
South African National Parks Board:<br />
www.parks-sa.co.za<br />
FIRST REPORT OF AEGINETIA<br />
PEDUNCULATA CAUSING SUGARCANE<br />
WILT IN INDIA<br />
Barring one short mention that Aeginetia<br />
pedunculata (Roxb.) Wall. (as Orobanche<br />
acaulis Roxb.) grows on China sugarcane<br />
(Saccharum sinense Roxb.) in the Botanic<br />
Garden at Kolkata (erstwhile, Calcutta)<br />
(Roxburgh, 1832), this Aeginetia species has not<br />
been reported as a parasite on sugarcane<br />
(Saccharum officinarum L.) in India, although A.<br />
indica has been (Parker and Riches, 1993). Now,<br />
during a survey in 2000 and around Plassey<br />
Sugar Mill area in Nadia district of West Bengal,<br />
India, the first author observed that nearly 100 ha<br />
of sugarcane crop was infected with A.<br />
pedunculata as identified by Botanical Survey of<br />
India, Kolkata. The parasite, 10 to 15 cm tall,<br />
appears at the base of sugarcane clumps during<br />
July, one month after the onset of the southwest<br />
monsoon. Emergence of new inflorescence and<br />
flowering continues till harvest of the crop in<br />
December-January. The first flowers produce<br />
seeds in capsules in September. The seeds are<br />
minute (0.3mm x 0.2 mm) and numerous (8-<br />
18,000 per capsule). They float on water and can<br />
readily spread to other places. Flowers are very<br />
attractive bearing ca > 50 mm purple limbs with<br />
a yellow lip. Morphological variations in respect<br />
of plant height, shape and colour are also<br />
common. A. pedunculata plants which grow on<br />
wild grass hosts are smaller than on sugarcane,<br />
dark red in colour, appear during August to<br />
October and bear only a few flowers and<br />
capsules, whereas plants growing on sugarcane<br />
produce luxuriant growth, abundant large<br />
flowers with varied shades of colour and many<br />
capsules. The parasite can survive during mild<br />
winter months only under the dense canopy of<br />
sugarcane plants. The loss caused due to the<br />
parasite is only visible when the infected canes<br />
began to wilt and dry at the time of harvest in<br />
December-January. Periodic sampling of<br />
infected and healthy canes from different<br />
varieties and from plant and ratoon crops showed<br />
that on an average the infected cane juice<br />
contains Brix 7.8 % and sucrose 2 % in<br />
compared to healthy plant which contains Brix<br />
19.6 % and sucrose 16.3 %. The loss is 100 % in<br />
completely dried up patches in infected fields.<br />
For management of the parasite, weeding with<br />
manual labour and spraying herbicides like 2,4-D<br />
and glyphosate are practiced but resurgence of<br />
the parasitic plant is very quick, needing<br />
repeated applications albeit without satisfactory<br />
2
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
management. Development of resistant varieties<br />
may be the sustainable solution of the problem.<br />
Work has been initiated in this direction at<br />
Sugarcane Research Station, Bethuadahari,<br />
Nadia, West Bengal, India since 2000-01. We<br />
are also attempting to develop an appropriate<br />
IPM. A. pedunculata is a rare and threatened<br />
plant species which is also a medicinal plant,<br />
implying the need for adequate steps in<br />
conservation under protection and isolation away<br />
from its economic hosts.<br />
A photograph of A. pedunculata can be seen at<br />
http://www.odu.edu/webroot/instr/sci/plant.nsf<br />
References:<br />
Hedayetullah, S. and Saha, J.C.. 1942. Current<br />
Science 11: 109-110.<br />
Parker, C. and Riches, C.R. 1993. <strong>Parasitic</strong><br />
Weeds of the World. Wallingford, UK:<br />
CABI.<br />
Roxburgh, W. 1832. Flora Indica. Vol 3. p 28.<br />
Bikash Ranjan Ray,<br />
Sugarcane Research Station, Bethuadahari<br />
741126, Nadia, West Bengal, India,<br />
brray@sancharnet.in<br />
and MrinaiKanti Dasgupta,<br />
Institiute of Agriculture, Sriniketan, Birbhum,<br />
West Bengal, India.<br />
PARASITIC SCROPHS – NO SUCH<br />
THING?<br />
It seems that the problem from serious parasitic<br />
weeds of the Scrophulariaceae has at last been<br />
eliminated – on paper at least. The editors of<br />
Haustorium regret that an important reference – a<br />
landmark even – was overlooked two years ago.<br />
Olmstead et al.’s paper ‘Disintegration of the<br />
Scrophulariaceae’ (American Journal of Botany<br />
2001, 88: 348-361) proposes that all the parasitic<br />
genera previously included in the<br />
Scrophulariaceae should be transferred to<br />
Orobanchaceae. It had previously been pointed<br />
out (e.g. by U. Molau in ‘<strong>Parasitic</strong> <strong>Plant</strong>s’ by<br />
Press and Graves, 1995) that the Orobanchaceae<br />
were closely allied with the Rhinanthoideae and<br />
should be lumped, or integrated with<br />
Scrophulariaceae. We now have a re-splitting, or<br />
dis-integration, on new lines which appears to be<br />
soundly based on the latest molecular<br />
phylogenetic techniques. Dan Nickrent has been<br />
adopting the new alignment on his ‘<strong>Parasitic</strong><br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Connection’ web-site and it is apparently<br />
accepted by many others of our parasitic plant<br />
colleagues. A survey of web-site data-bases,<br />
however, suggests that it has not yet gained full<br />
recognition. On the USDA GRIN site, the family<br />
for Striga is given as ‘Scrophulariaceae. Also<br />
placed in Orobanchaceae’, but other sites such as<br />
USDA PLANTS, Missouri Botanic Garden,<br />
Flora Europaea/Royal Botanic Garden<br />
Edinburgh, IPNI and ITIS all continue to place<br />
Striga etc in Scrophulariaceae. It seems there<br />
will be an inevitable long lag before this change<br />
is fully adopted. Haustorium will be happy to<br />
hear from any who have views or comments.<br />
Chris Parker.<br />
COST 849<br />
Under this European Union programme, a<br />
meeting was recently held in Athens, Greece.<br />
See under Proceedings of Meetings below for a<br />
list of the papers presented. Further meetings are<br />
planned for 2004 including two in February, the<br />
first on Genetic Diversity of <strong>Parasitic</strong> <strong>Plant</strong>s, in<br />
Cordoba, Spain, the second on Biological<br />
Control, in Rome, Italy.<br />
SYMPOSIUM ON NON-WEEDY<br />
HEMIPARASITIC SCROPHULARIACEAE<br />
A two-day symposium on the biology of the nonweedy<br />
hemiparasitic Scrophulariaceae<br />
(Orobanchaceae) will be held in Wageningen<br />
(Netherlands) on 15 and 16 April 2004. A broad<br />
range of subjects concerning the biology of this<br />
group will be covered by a number of specialists,<br />
including Matthies (Ecology), Press<br />
(Ecophysiology), Kwak & Bekker (Endangered<br />
species), DePamphilis (Evolution), and others.<br />
Further information is available on the internet<br />
(www.hemiparasites.nl), or can be requested by<br />
sending an email to Siny ter Borg<br />
(info@hemiparasites.nl).<br />
THESES<br />
Denneal Sarah Jamison-McClung (PhD,<br />
Department of Vegetable Crops and Weed<br />
Science, University of California, Davis,<br />
September 2003) Haustorium Development in<br />
the <strong>Parasitic</strong> <strong>Plant</strong>, Triphysaria<br />
(Orobanchaceae): A Genetic and Molecular<br />
Analysis.<br />
3
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
In the Orobanchaceae, a single origin of root<br />
parasitism followed by multiple losses of<br />
photosynthetic capacity characterize the<br />
evolution of parasitic plants. Increasing<br />
heterotrophy or reliance on host nutrients is<br />
accompanied by loss of genetic material from the<br />
chloroplast, gain of parasite-specific traits, and<br />
increasing host specificity via recognition of<br />
common plant secondary metabolites.<br />
Triphysaria, a hemiparasitic plant belonging to<br />
the Orobanchaceae, was used as a model to<br />
investigate the genetic and molecular<br />
mechanisms governing haustorium development.<br />
Haustoria are the “organs of parasitism” and<br />
form at the root tips of parasitic Orobanchaceae<br />
in response to host-derived haustorium inducing<br />
factors (HIF’s). Variation in natural populations<br />
of Triphysaria was observed for haustorium<br />
development in response to the HIF, 2, 6dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone<br />
(DMBQ). DMBQ<br />
responsiveness was shown to be heritable and<br />
influenced by maternal effects.<br />
Development of autohaustoria, haustoria that<br />
form in the absence of host-derived factors, was<br />
monitored in Triphysaria pusilla. Triphysaria<br />
rarely form haustoria when grown alone or with<br />
conspecific plants, suggestive of a mechanism<br />
for self-recognition and avoidance of selfparasitism.<br />
Propensity to form autohaustoria<br />
showed a strong positive correlation with degree<br />
of anthocyanin pigmentation. GA3 pre-treatment<br />
of seeds obtained from high and low anthocyanin<br />
parents leads to a significant and unexpected<br />
increase in autohaustoria formation for both<br />
groups. Results suggest that high anthocyanin<br />
plants may be self-inducing via exuded<br />
flavonoids and that plant hormones, particularly<br />
auxin and gibberellin, may be involved in<br />
regulating self-recognition and autohaustorium<br />
development in root parasitic plants.<br />
Transcript accumulation of three genes was<br />
assayed in variant Triphysaria populations. Two<br />
genes, TvQR1 and TvQR2, encode putative<br />
quinone oxidoreductases and one, TvPirin,<br />
encodes a nuclear transcription factor involved in<br />
cell cycle regulation. TvQR1 performs a oneelectron<br />
reduction of quinone to semiquinone,<br />
and was positively correlated to haustorium<br />
development. TvQR2 performs a two-electron<br />
reduction of quinone to phenolic acid and was<br />
correlated to DMBQ induction, though not<br />
haustorium development. TvPirin was also<br />
correlated to DMBQ induction, but not<br />
haustorium development. Results support the<br />
proposed redox cycling model of semiquinoneinduced<br />
haustorium development in the<br />
Orobanchaceae.<br />
Cinzia Costantino (PhD Università degli<br />
Studi, Genova, July 2003) Experiments with<br />
in vitro growth of Scurrula pulverulenta G.<br />
Don (plant parasite of woody-plant species<br />
widely distributed in sub-tropical areas). (in<br />
Italian)<br />
The study involved in vitro culture of the hemiparasitic<br />
plant Scurrula pulverulenta G.Don<br />
(Loranthaceae), grown from in vitro germinated<br />
seeds, without any growth regulators (exogenous<br />
hormones), and followed the development of<br />
shoots, leaves and haustorial strands. In the<br />
optimum medium numerous new shoots grew<br />
close to the chlorophyllous hypocotylar region.<br />
These were excised in the second year taking<br />
particular care to preserve some of the<br />
undifferentiated callus. Cultures involving<br />
different hosts revealed that the haustorium<br />
penetrated the host by cellular lysis, allowing the<br />
haustorium to penetrate further by mechanical<br />
means into the inner tissues. The host Genista<br />
monosperma Lam. responded to the penetration<br />
by producing a pink callus but still allowed<br />
penetration to the central stele and suffered<br />
damage. In the case of the host Citrus auriantum<br />
L. there was also progressive sub-cortical growth<br />
of the haustorium in the stem.<br />
S. pulverulenta grown on a nutrient medium with<br />
cellulose, without a host, but with the addition of<br />
a Viscum album extract, showed abundant<br />
development of self-regenerating chlorophyllous<br />
callus originating from the site of cotylar fusion<br />
in the embryo. Furthermore, this callus and the<br />
hypoctyl callus also showed consolidated callus<br />
leading to the development of pseudo-xylem<br />
tissue, lignin-like material, lining the culture<br />
tubes. Addition of the Viscum extract was<br />
conducive to more vigorous growth, including<br />
development of the epidermis and most<br />
noticeably, of the powdery surface responsible<br />
for the specific name ‘pulverulenta’. After 3<br />
years in in vitro culture, S. pulverulenta is<br />
observed to produce a thin web of viscin and to<br />
show full vegetative vigour. Electron microscope<br />
study of the epidermis in field-grown plants<br />
revealed the presence of Lactobacillus sp. inside<br />
pedunculate hairs in the form of a three-pointed<br />
star.<br />
4
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
S. pulverulenta spreads freely in its native<br />
habitats in sub-tropical regions, while in the<br />
Mediterranean area it only spreads as a result of<br />
the sporadic activity of birds or deliberate<br />
transfer by researchers. It is suggested that S.<br />
pulverulenta may be a useful indicator of climate<br />
change since the amount of fruiting is noted to be<br />
closely correlated to temperature and rainfall.<br />
It is also suggested that improved techniques for<br />
in vitro culture could be welcome as the cytotoxic<br />
effects from extracts of this species on<br />
tumour cells (Ascites-test Yoshida) compare<br />
favourably with the standard extract (Hiscia<br />
Iscador ®) prepared from Viscum album L..<br />
Other comparisons by Drs Urech and Schaller of<br />
leaf and pseudo-berry extracts of S. pulverulenta<br />
with the standard extract (Hiscia Iscador ®)<br />
obtained from V. album also suggest similar antitumour<br />
activity.<br />
Finally, chromatographic studies of extracts from<br />
S. pulverulenta show differences depending on<br />
the host plant, confirming interaction between<br />
host and hemi-parasite resulting in differences of<br />
biochemical compounds in the extracts.<br />
Anat Reizelman-Lucassen (PhD, University of<br />
Nijmegen, 4 November, 2003) Synthesis and<br />
function of germination stimulants for seeds<br />
of the parasitic weeds Striga and Orobanche<br />
spp. (Supervision: Professor Binne<br />
Zwanenburg)<br />
This thesis reviews the synthetic methods used in<br />
the synthesis of strigol and other strigolactones.<br />
All 8 stereoisomers of strigol were prepared and<br />
their activity compared. ‘Natural’ strigol was by<br />
far the most active, by a factor of at least 100<br />
compared with most others.<br />
An efficient synthesis of (+/-) orobanchol is<br />
reported; also new improved methods for GR7,<br />
GR24 and Nijmegen-1, based on a palladiumcatalyzed<br />
asymmetric coupling<br />
The remainder of the thesis is devoted to studies<br />
aimed at the isolation and identification of the<br />
strigolactone receptor with the help of a biotinlabelled<br />
strigolactone analogue (amino-GR-24),<br />
affinity chromatography, immobilized avidin or<br />
streptavidin, and fluorescence correlation<br />
spectroscopy. The presence of a strigolactone<br />
specific binding protein (SPLB) in the insoluble<br />
membrane fractions of Striga seeds was shown<br />
by a dot-blot analysis. Preliminary results with<br />
SDS-PAGE showed an enrichment of a 60kDa<br />
protein, isolated from these fractions by<br />
purification.<br />
Christina Vieira Dos Santos (PhD, University<br />
of Nantes, France). Molecular aspects of the<br />
Arabidopsis thaliana response infected by the<br />
obligate root parasite Orobanche ramosa.<br />
(Supervision: Philippe Delavault and Patrick<br />
Thalouarn, Groupe de Physiologie et<br />
Pathologie Végétales) (in French)<br />
The infection of Arabidopsis thaliana roots with<br />
the holoparasite Orobanche ramosa represents a<br />
useful model for a molecular study of the host<br />
plant response to a parasitic plant attack. Thus,<br />
we developed an in vitro co-culture system,<br />
allowing us an investigation by PCR<br />
amplification methods of the expression of some<br />
host genes already known to be involved in<br />
plant/pathogen interactions: ethylene, isoprenoid,<br />
phenylpropanoid, and jasmonate pathways,<br />
oxidative stress responses and PR proteins. A<br />
non-targeted study based on a suppression<br />
subtractive hybridization strategy was also used<br />
to identify genes that were induced two hours<br />
after placing O. ramosa seeds near A. thaliana<br />
roots. Infestation will not start before the seventh<br />
day. The kinetic gene expression was assayed<br />
from 1h to 7 days after O. ramosa germinations<br />
were placed. Proteins encoded by these genes are<br />
also involved in A. thaliana defence pathways:<br />
signal transduction, pectin methylesterase<br />
inhibition, detoxification of reactive oxygen<br />
species, jasmonate-dependent pathway and cell<br />
wall reinforcement. From these studies, no<br />
salicylic acid-dependent defence has been<br />
detected whereas jasmonate- and ethylenedependent<br />
pathways were induced.<br />
Related papers :<br />
Vieira Dos Santos C., Letousey P., Delavault P.<br />
and Thalouarn P., 2003. Defence gene<br />
expression analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana<br />
parasitized by Orobanche ramosa.<br />
Phytopathology, 93:451-457<br />
And Santos et al. 2003 – in Literature section<br />
below.<br />
Aurélie Rousset (PhD, University of Nantes,<br />
France) Contribution to the chemical control<br />
of the parasitic and mannitol-producing<br />
plants. Identification and characterization of<br />
in vitro inhibitors of mannose 6-phosphate<br />
reductase and study of their activity on<br />
simplified biological models (protoplasts and<br />
5
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
calli). (Supervision: Philippe Delavault and<br />
Patrick Thalouarn, Groupe de Physiologie et<br />
Pathologie Végétales) (in French)<br />
The strategy based on the inhibition of mannose<br />
6-phosphate reductase (M6PR), the key enzyme<br />
of mannitol production, could be efficient against<br />
Striga and Orobanche. Some aromatic and<br />
phosphorylated compounds inhibit competitively<br />
M6PR in vitro and protoplasts and callus culture<br />
were obtained from Striga leaves to estimate<br />
their activity on simple models. Protoplasts and<br />
calli kept mannitol synthesis as a major pathway,<br />
as shown by the analysis of their carbon fluxes,<br />
carbohydrate patterns and M6PR activities. In a<br />
similar proportion as in leaves, a significant part<br />
of the photosynthetically fixed 14C is<br />
incorporated into mannitol in protoplasts. Calli<br />
were much less active in photosynthesis but<br />
synthesized mannitol from exogenous sucrose or<br />
mannose. In presence of M6PR inhibitor, carbon<br />
fluxes towards soluble carbohydrates, notably<br />
mannitol, were reduced in treated protoplasts and<br />
calli.<br />
Related paper :<br />
Rousset et al. 2002. in Literature section below.<br />
PROCEEDINGS OF MEETINGS<br />
7th EWRS (European Weed Research<br />
<strong>Society</strong>) Mediterranean Symposium, Adana,<br />
Turkey, 2003. The Proceedings of this meeting<br />
are not yet published but should be available<br />
from the EWRS web site (www.ewrs.org)<br />
bookshop before long. The following are<br />
selected titles relating to parasitic plants, which<br />
will be published in the form of 2-page abstracts.<br />
Manschadi A.M.et al. - Development of a<br />
systems approach for ecological management<br />
of parasitic weeds in legume-based<br />
Mediterranean cropping systems.<br />
Grenz J. et al. - Identification of optimum<br />
sowing strategies for faba bean infested with<br />
the parasitic weed Orobanche crenata in the<br />
Cukurova region, Turkey. Predictions from<br />
simulation studies.<br />
Nemli Y. et al. - Problems caused by broomrape<br />
(Orobanche spp.) and some control methods.<br />
Review and results.<br />
Goran, M. et al. - Weed and broomrape<br />
(Orobanche cernua) control in Clearfield<br />
sunflower.<br />
Orel-Aksoy E. and Uygur F.N. - Distribution of<br />
Orobanche spp. in the East Mediterranean<br />
region of Turkey.<br />
Demirci M. et al. - Effect of soil temperature on<br />
Orobanche cernua Loeffl. growing stages<br />
and control strategies.<br />
COST Action 849 Meeting: Biology and<br />
control of broomrape. October 30-November<br />
2, Athens, Greece. Abstracts of this meeting are<br />
available on the COST web-site (see below).<br />
Titles were as follows:<br />
Sauerborn, J. - <strong>Parasitic</strong> flowering plants – from<br />
botanical curiosity to antibiosis.<br />
Cubero, J.I. - Phylogeny of the genus Orobanche<br />
inferred from cpDNA sequence variation.<br />
Fer, A. - Experimental data strongly suggest the<br />
existence of several pathovars in Orobanche<br />
ramosa L.<br />
Verkleij, J.A.C. et al. - Assessing genetic<br />
variability in Striga hermonthica and S.<br />
aspera by RAPD and SCAR analysis.<br />
Delavault, P. et al. - Defense gene expression in<br />
host roots infected by Orobanche species.<br />
Press, M.C. - Biology and control of parasitic<br />
weeds: Striga and Orobanche.<br />
Bouwmeester, H. et al. - Germination of<br />
broomrape seeds.<br />
Wegmann, K. - Recent experience in Orobanche<br />
control by suicide germination.<br />
Matusova, R. et al. Changes in the sensitivity of<br />
parasitic weed seeds to germination<br />
stimulants.<br />
Joel, D.M. - Sanitation and quarantine policies<br />
need to be adopted in Europe.<br />
Murdoch, A.J. - Evaluating integrated<br />
management strategies for Orobanche and<br />
Striga.<br />
Slavov, S. et al. - Chlorsulfuron resistant<br />
transgenic tobacco as a tool for broomrape<br />
control.<br />
Kotoula-Syka, E. - Orobanche ramosa control in<br />
tomato.<br />
Montemurro, P. and Lasorella, C. - Control of<br />
Orobanche ramosa by glyphosate in tomato.<br />
Cagán, L. and Tóth, P. - Impact of Orobanche<br />
ramosa to the yield of tomato fruits in the<br />
southwest of Slovakia.<br />
Vouzounis, N. - Control of Orobanche sp. in<br />
melon and watermelon crops in Cyprus.<br />
Nadal, S. et al. Control of broomrape<br />
(Orobanche crenata Forsk.) in narbon bean<br />
(Vicia narbonensis L) by glyphosate.<br />
Pacureanu-Joiþa, M. and Procopovici, E. -<br />
Broomrape control in Romania.<br />
6
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
Rubiales, D. et al. - Integrated control of crenate<br />
broomrape in pea.<br />
Vurro, M. - Toxins from pathogens of parasitic<br />
plants.<br />
Gressel, J. - So what if transgenic hypervirulence<br />
changes host range of a biocontrol agent? We<br />
need not jump to conclusions.<br />
Dor, E. - The efficacy of a mixture of fungi to<br />
control Egyptian and sunflower broomrape.<br />
Zermane1, N. et al. - Natural antagonists of<br />
Orobanche spp. in Tunisia with potential as<br />
biocontrol agents<br />
Tóth, P. and Cagán, L. - Natural enemies of<br />
dodders (Cuscuta spp.) in Slovakia.<br />
WEB SITES<br />
For information on the <strong>International</strong> <strong>Parasitic</strong><br />
<strong>Plant</strong> <strong>Society</strong> see: http://www.ppws.vt.edu/IPPS/<br />
For past and current issues of Haustorium see:<br />
http://web.odu.edu/haustorium<br />
For Dan Nickrent’s ‘The <strong>Parasitic</strong> <strong>Plant</strong><br />
Connection’ see:<br />
http://www.science.siu.edu/parasiticplants/index.html<br />
For The Mistletoe Center (including a<br />
comprehensive Annotated Bibliography on<br />
mistletoes) see:<br />
http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/misteltoe/welcome.htm<br />
l<br />
For on-line access to USDA Forest Service<br />
Agriculture Handbook 709 ‘Dwarf Mistletoes:<br />
Biology, Pathology and Systematics’ see:<br />
http://www.rmrs.nau.edu/publications/ah_709/<br />
For information on activities and publications of<br />
the parasitic weed group at the University of<br />
Hohenheim see: http://www.unihohenheim.de/~www380/parasite/start.htm<br />
For information on, and to subscribe to, PpDigest<br />
see:<br />
http://omnisterra.com/mailman/listinfo/pp_omnis<br />
terra.com<br />
For information on the EU COST 849 Project<br />
and reports of its meetings see:<br />
http://cost849.ba.cnr.it/<br />
For the <strong>Parasitic</strong> <strong>Plant</strong>s Database, including<br />
‘4000 entries giving an exhaustive nomenclatural<br />
synopsis of all parasitic plants’ the address is:<br />
http://www.omnisterra.com/bot/pp_home.cgi<br />
For a description and other information about the<br />
Desmodium technique for Striga suppression,<br />
see: http://www.push-pull.net<br />
For information on EC-funded project ‘Improved<br />
Striga control in maize and sorghum (ISCIMAS)<br />
see: http://www.plant.dlo.nl/projects/Striga/<br />
For brief articles on Striga in New Agriculturist<br />
on-line see: http://www.new-agri.co.uk/04-<br />
1/focuson/focuson5.html<br />
LITERATURE<br />
Abunyewa, A.A. and Padi, F. K. 2003. Changes<br />
in soil fertility and Striga hermonthica<br />
prevalence associated with legume and cereal<br />
cultivation in the Sudan savannah zone of<br />
Ghana. Land Degradation & Development<br />
14: 335-343. (Growing soyabean or bambara<br />
nuts in place of bush fallow provided benefits<br />
in terms of soil fertility and Striga<br />
infestation.)<br />
Adler, L.S. 2002. Host effects on herbivory and<br />
pollination in a hemiparasitic plant. Ecology<br />
83: 2700-2710. (Further exploration of the<br />
complex interactions between Castilleja<br />
indivisa and Lupinus albus referred to in the<br />
next item.)<br />
Adler, L.S., Karban, R. and Strauss, S.Y. 2001.<br />
Direct and indirect effects of alkaloids on<br />
plant fitness via herbivory and pollination.<br />
Ecology 82: 2032-2044. (Studies with<br />
Castilleja indivisa on Lupinus albus with<br />
varying alkaloid content +/- insecticide<br />
application confirmed that alkaloid reduced<br />
predation of C. indivisa without interfering<br />
with pollination.)<br />
Ahonsi, M.O., Berner, D.K., Emechebe, A.M.,<br />
Sanginga, N. and Lagoke, S.T.O. 2002.<br />
Selection of non-pathogenic ethyleneproducing<br />
rhizobacteria for accelerated<br />
depletion of Striga hermonthica seed bank.<br />
African Crop Science Journal 10(2): 145-156.<br />
(Three strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv.<br />
glycinea shown to have caused high<br />
germination of S. hermonthica; but gene<br />
modification may be needed to reduce risk of<br />
pathogenicity to crops.)<br />
Ahonsi, M.O., Berner, D.K., Emechebe, A.M.,<br />
Lagoke, S.T. and Sanginga, N. 2003.<br />
Potential of ethylene-producing<br />
7
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
pseudomonads in combination with effective<br />
N2-fixing bradyrhizobial strains as<br />
supplements to legume rotation for Striga<br />
hermonthica control. Biological Control 28:<br />
1-10. (Inoculation of cowpea or soyabean<br />
with the ethylene-producing Pseudomonas<br />
syringae pv. glycinea and N-fixing<br />
Bradyrhizobia japonicum enhanced their<br />
trap-crop effect.)<br />
Al-Hussein, N., Bayaa, B. and Erskine, W. 2002.<br />
Integrated management of lentil broomrape,<br />
1. Sowing date and chemical treatments.<br />
Arab Journal of <strong>Plant</strong> Protection 20(2): 84-<br />
92. (Delaying the sowing date and applying<br />
imazapic and imazethapyr resulted in 97-98%<br />
control of ‘Orobanche spp.’ in lentil.)<br />
Anderson, R.L. 2003. Changing forests and<br />
forest management policy in relation to<br />
dealing with forest diseases. Phytopathology<br />
93: 1041-1043. (Including reference to<br />
mistletoes.)<br />
Aukema, J.E. and Rio, C.M. dell 2002. Where<br />
does a fruit-eating bird deposit mistletoe<br />
seeds? Seed deposition patterns and an<br />
experiment. Ecology 83: 3489-3496. (Finding<br />
that the bird Phainopepla nitens deposited<br />
most seeds of Phoradendron californicum<br />
into Prosopis velutina which was already<br />
mistletoe-infested.)<br />
Bako, M.L., Gulyas, A., Hegedus, Z.,<br />
Szekrenyes, G. and Tuske-Bano, E. 2003.<br />
(Population studies in race-differentiating<br />
sunflower varieties with sunflower<br />
broomrape (Orobanche cernua<br />
Loefl./Orobanche cumana Wallr.) collected<br />
from the region of Bacsalmas.) (in<br />
Hungarian) Novenyvedelem 39: 429-436.<br />
Babalola, O.O., Osir, E.O and; Sanni, A.I. 2002.<br />
Characterization of potential ethyleneproducing<br />
rhizosphere bacteria of Strigainfested<br />
maize and sorghum. African Journal<br />
of Biotechnology 1(2): 67-69. (Three<br />
rhizosphere bacteria, Pseudomonas sp.,<br />
Enterobacter sakazakii and Klebsiella<br />
oxytoca, were analysed for genetic variation.<br />
DNA fingerprint patterns of the three bacteria<br />
were markedly different.)<br />
Babalola, O.O., Osir, E.O., Sanni, A.I.,<br />
Odhiambo, G.D. and Bulimo, W.D. 2003.<br />
Amplification of 1-amino-cyclopropane-1carboxylic<br />
(ACC) deaminase from plant<br />
growth promoting rhizobacteria in Strigainfested<br />
soil. African Journal of<br />
Biotechnology 2,(6): 157-160. (Providing the<br />
first report of ACC deaminase in Klebsiella<br />
oxytoca )<br />
Bar Nun, N. et al. – see Nun, N.B. et al.<br />
Benharrat, H., Boulet, C., Veronesi, C. and<br />
Thalouarn, P. 2003. (An overview of ongoing<br />
laboratory and field studies carried out on<br />
Orobanche ramosa: a pest for rape seed,<br />
hemp and tobacco.) (in French)<br />
Phytoma.564: 24-26. (A review of current<br />
research activity.)<br />
Berner, D.K., Sauerborn, J., Hess, D.E. and<br />
Emechebe, A.M. 2002. The role of biological<br />
control in integrated management of Striga<br />
species in Africa. Neuenschwander, P.,<br />
Borgemeister, C. and Langewald, J. (eds)<br />
Biological control in IPM systems in Africa,<br />
pp. 259-276. (Discussing the role of<br />
biological control agents, especially plant<br />
pathogenic fungi and bacteria.)<br />
Beuth, J. 2003. (Evidence-based complementary<br />
therapy measures in carcinoma of the breast.)<br />
(in German) Medizin 32(1): 21-24.<br />
(Concluding that ‘although complementary<br />
treatments cannot replace the standard<br />
oncological therapies for breast cancer….<br />
treatments with mistletoe extracts are also of<br />
value.)<br />
Bouwmeester, H.J., Matusova, R., Sun Zhongkui<br />
and Beale, M.H. 2003. Secondary metabolite<br />
signalling in host-parasitic plant interactions.<br />
Current Opinions in <strong>Plant</strong> Biology 6: 358-<br />
364. (Reviewing recent literature on<br />
germination stimulants and the analytic<br />
techniques involved; also the potential for the<br />
use of ‘model’ plants such as Arabidopsis in<br />
the study of stimulant biosynthesis and the<br />
possibilities for manipulation of germination<br />
stimulant production in crops.)<br />
Brand, J.E. 2002. Review of the influence of<br />
Acacia species on establishment of<br />
sandalwood (Santalum spicatum) in Western<br />
Australia. In: Maslin, B.R. and George, A.S.<br />
(eds) Conservation Science Western<br />
Australia 4(3): 125-129. (A successful<br />
establishment technique involves planting S.<br />
spicatum seeds near 1-2 year old Acacia<br />
acuminata seedlings. Other Acacia spp. vary<br />
in suitability. Allocasuarina huegeliana is<br />
less suitable than A. acuminata, while<br />
planting close to Eucalyptus loxophleba<br />
results in seedling death.)<br />
Braun, J.M., Ko, H.L., Schierholz, J.M. and<br />
Beuth, J. 2002. Standardized mistletoe extract<br />
augments immune response and downregulates<br />
local and metastatic tumor growth<br />
in murine models. Anticancer Research<br />
22(6C): 4187-4190.<br />
8
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
Briemle, G. and Ruck, K. 2003. (Poisonous<br />
plants in pastures for horses....keep a lookout<br />
for them.) (in German) Fachpraxis 43: 14-18.<br />
(Rhinanthus spp. listed among toxic species.)<br />
Campbell, S., Azuma, D. and Weyermann, D.<br />
2003. Forests of Eastern Oregon: an<br />
overview. General Technical Report - Pacific<br />
Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest<br />
Service No.PNW-GTR-578, 31 pp.<br />
(Including reference to Arceuthobium spp.)<br />
Carsky, R.J., Akakpo, C., Singh, B.B. and<br />
Detongnon, J. 2003. Cowpea yield gain from<br />
resistance to Striga gesnerioides parasitism in<br />
Southern Benin. Experimental Agriculture<br />
39: 327-333. (IITA breeding line IT93KZ-4-<br />
5-6-1-5 has shown complete resistance to S.<br />
gesnerioides at more than 20 field sites in S.<br />
Benin and given mean yields over 150%<br />
greater than susceptible varieties.)<br />
Christensen, N.M., Dörr, I., Hansen, M., Kooij,<br />
T.A.W. van der and Schulz, A. 2003.<br />
Development of Cuscuta species on a<br />
partially incompatible host: induction of<br />
xylem transfer cells. Protoplasma 220(3/4):<br />
131-142. (C. reflexa and C. japonica growing<br />
on the incompatible host Euphorbia<br />
pulcherrima develop xylem transfer cells, not<br />
seen on a compatible host; suggesting that<br />
Cuscuta spp. have this genetic ability, elicited<br />
in response to developmental stress.)<br />
Cooke, D. 2002. Control of Branched<br />
Broomrape. A literature review. Adelaide,<br />
Australia: Department of Water, Land and<br />
Biodiversity Conservation. 39 pp. (Including<br />
Appendix: A comparison of techniques to<br />
reduce the soil seedbank of branched<br />
boomrape, by J. Virtue and P. Jupp.)<br />
Daugherty, C.M. and Mathiasen, R.L. 2003.<br />
Estimates of the incidence of mistletoes in<br />
pinyon-juniper woodlands of the Coconino<br />
National Forest, Arizona. Western North<br />
American Naturalist 63: 382-390. (About<br />
50% of the woodlands surveyed were<br />
infested with Phoradendron juniperinum or<br />
P. capitellatum but only 12% with<br />
Arceuthobium divaricatum occurring on<br />
pinyon Pinus spp.)<br />
Deng Xiong, Feng HuiLing, Ye WanHui, Yang<br />
QiHe, Xu KaiYang, CaoHongLin and Fu<br />
Qiang 2003. (A study on the control of exotic<br />
weed Mikania micrantha by using parasitic<br />
Cuscuta campestris.) (in Chinese) Journal of<br />
Tropical and Subtropical Botany 11: 117-<br />
122. (C. campestris could spread up to 5 m<br />
within 2 months and inhibited the growth and<br />
development of M. micrantha.)<br />
DeNitto, G. 2002. Montana: forest insect and<br />
disease conditions and program: 2001. Forest<br />
Health Protection Report - Northern Region,<br />
USDA Forest Service, No.02-1, 41 pp.<br />
(Including estimated losses from<br />
Arceuthobium spp.)<br />
Dubrovsky, J.G. 2002. Tumorous malformations<br />
in natural populations of Pachycereus and its<br />
association with mistletoe. Cactaceas y<br />
Suculentas Mexicanas 47(3): 48-56. (A study<br />
suggesting that Phoradendron diguetianum,<br />
although often associated with galls on<br />
Pachycereus, Stenocereus and Opuntia spp.,<br />
is not their cause.)<br />
Dugenci, S.K., Arda, N. and Candan, A. 2003.<br />
Some medicinal plants as immunostimulant<br />
for fish. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 88:<br />
99-106. (Extracts of Viscum album included<br />
in studies on Oncorhynchus mykiss but were<br />
not active.)<br />
Dzerefos, C.M., Witkowski, E.T.F. and<br />
Shackleton, C.M. 2003. Host-preference and<br />
density of woodrose-forming mistletoes<br />
(Loranthaceae) on savanna vegetation, South<br />
Africa. <strong>Plant</strong> Ecology 167: 163-177.<br />
(Erianthemum dregei and Pedistylis galpinii<br />
each had many hosts but Sclerocarya birrea<br />
was the most favoured and there was<br />
negative correlation between host preference<br />
and host wood density. P. galpinii has the<br />
higher market value.)<br />
Eizenberg, H., Colquohoun, J.B. and Mallory-<br />
Smith, C.A. 2003. Weed Science 51: 759-<br />
763. (14 varieties of Trifolium pratense were<br />
highly susceptible to O. minor; 7 varieties of<br />
T. repens allowed many attachments but few<br />
developed normally and there was little host<br />
damage; 2 varieties of T. incarnatum were<br />
apparently immune in this study.).<br />
El-Sayed, N.E., Abd-Elkrim, M.A., El-Aref,<br />
H.M., Taghian, A.S. and El-Lithy, R.E. 2003.<br />
Selection and molecular characterization of<br />
faba bean lines resistant to broomrape<br />
(Orobanche crenata Forsk). Assiut Journal of<br />
Agricultural Sciences 34(1): 165-180.<br />
(Crosses among Giza Blanca, Giza 402, and<br />
Giza 674 produced plants with enhanced<br />
parasite resistance and host seed yield. PCR-<br />
RAPD markers were identified that<br />
correlated with the resistance trait.)<br />
Ensbey, R. and Blackmore, P. 2003. Serious<br />
weed threats to NSW - your legal obligations<br />
for W1 weeds. Agnote - NSW Agriculture<br />
No.DPI-451(1st Edition), 6 pp. (Including<br />
Orobanche spp. among 14 species classified<br />
as W1 Noxious.)<br />
9
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
Ernst, E., Schmidt, K. and Steuer-Vogt, M.K.<br />
2003. Mistletoe for cancer? A systematic<br />
review of randomised clinical trials.<br />
<strong>International</strong> Journal of Cancer.107: 262-267.<br />
(Conclusions from a critical analysis of 10<br />
published studies concluded that none of the<br />
methodologically stronger trials exhibited<br />
efficacy in terms of quality of life, survival or<br />
other outcome measures. Sadly ‘rigorous<br />
trials of mistletoe extracts fail to demonstrate<br />
efficacy of this therapy’.)<br />
Fan Jiang, Jeschke, W.D. and Hartung, W. 2003.<br />
Water flows in the parasitic association<br />
Rhinanthus minor/Hordeum vulgare. Journal<br />
of Experimental Botany 54: 1985-1993.<br />
(Confirming that stomata of R. minor remain<br />
open day and night despite high levels of<br />
ABA, while those of Melampyrum arvense<br />
do not. Studies showed that R. minor<br />
extracted 20% of the water taken up by the<br />
host. Response of the host involved<br />
decreased shoot growth but somewhat<br />
increased root development.)<br />
Fayed, M.T.B., Hamdi, A., Samia, A.M. and<br />
Shaaban, M. 2002. Performance of<br />
Orobanche control treatments in faba bean<br />
crop. Egyptian Journal of Agricultural<br />
Research 80: 753-769. (Comparing a range of<br />
treatments involving late sowing, glyphosate<br />
application, integrated control, non-chemical<br />
integrated control, and the tolerant cv. Giza<br />
429.)<br />
Foley, M.J.Y. 2003. Orobanche hirtiflora subsp.<br />
zosimii M.J.Y. Foley (Orobanchaceae), a new<br />
subspecies from Cyprus. Candollea 58(1):<br />
83-95.<br />
Frost, A., López-Gutiérrez, J.C. and Purrington,<br />
C.B. 2003. Fitness of Cuscuta salina<br />
(Convolvulaceae) grown under different<br />
salinity regimes. American Journal of Botany<br />
90: 1032-1037. (It is postulated that<br />
distribution of C. salina may be dictated<br />
more by the salt status of the host than by the<br />
soil type, but experiments involving the host<br />
Beta vulgaris grown on varying levels of salt<br />
failed to give clear confirmation of this.).<br />
Ganeshaiah, K.N., Shaanker, R.U. and Bawa,<br />
K.S. 2001. Theme I: Global change and<br />
tropical forest ecosystems. Economic<br />
valuation of natural resources: local and<br />
global perspectives. In Ganeshaiah, K.N.,<br />
Shaanker, R.U. and Bawa, K.S. (eds)<br />
Proceedings of the <strong>International</strong> Conference<br />
on Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity<br />
and Human Welfare, Banglore, India, July<br />
10<br />
2001, pp. 29-52. (Including a section on<br />
silviculture of Santalum album.)<br />
Garkoti, S.C., Akoijam, S.B. and Singh, S.P.<br />
2002. Ecology of water relations between<br />
mistletoe (Taxillus vestitus ) and its host oak<br />
(Quercus floribunda). Tropical Ecology 43:<br />
243-249. (Measurements of water potential in<br />
host and parasite demonstrate a constant<br />
differential between the two, with the parasite<br />
always lower than its host.)<br />
Gbèhounou, G., Pieterse, A.H. and Verkleij,<br />
J.A.C. 2003. Longevity of Striga seeds<br />
reconsidered: results of a study on purple<br />
witchweed (Striga hermonthica) in Bénin.<br />
Weed Science 51: 940-946. (Studies with<br />
seeds buried in nylon gauze bags suggest<br />
rapid loss of viability during the rainy season<br />
in northern Bénin and no wet dormancy. But<br />
note Mourik et al., below, suggesting an<br />
effect of seed density which could affect this<br />
type of study.)<br />
Gibot-Leclerc, S., Brault, M., Pinochet, X. and<br />
Sallé, G. 2003. (Potential role of winter rape<br />
weeds in the extension of broomrape in<br />
Poitou-Charentes.) (in French). Comptes<br />
Rendus Biologies.326: 645-658. (50% of the<br />
weeds of winter rape could be parasitized by<br />
Orobanche ramosa.)<br />
Gibot-Leclerc, S., Brault, M. and Salle, G. 2003.<br />
(Orobanche ramosa: a true pest for various<br />
crops in France.) (in French) Phytoma 561: 9-<br />
12. (O. ramosa is continuing to spread in<br />
France and is now present in 20 of the 96<br />
departments, affecting tobacco and hemp as<br />
well as rape.)<br />
Gilmore, A.M., Matsubara, S., Ball, M.C.,<br />
Barker, D.H. and Itoh, S. 2003. Excitation<br />
energy flow at 77 K in the photosynthetic<br />
apparatus of overwintering evergreens. <strong>Plant</strong>,<br />
Cell and Environment 26: 1021-1034.<br />
(Results with Amyema miquelii on<br />
Eucalyptus pauciflora are consistent with a<br />
functional association between the cold-hardband<br />
of chlorophyll a spectra, PSII energy<br />
dissipation, and protective storage of<br />
chlorophyll in overwintering evergreens.)<br />
Godfree, R.C., Tinnin, R.O. and Forbes, R.B.<br />
2003. Relationships between dwarf mistletoe<br />
and the canopy structure of an old-growth<br />
lodgepole pine forest in central Oregon.<br />
Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 997-<br />
1009. (Stands of Pinus contorta heavily<br />
infested by Arceuthobium americanum<br />
contained fewer large but many more small<br />
trees than lightly infested stands.)
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
Gotts, R.I.C. and Ginn, S.G. 2003. The<br />
previously undescribed female of Delias<br />
shunichii Morita (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) from<br />
New Britain, Papua New Guinea. Australian<br />
Entomologist 30(1): 1-4. (The larvae are<br />
believed to feed on Loranthaceae.)<br />
Gworgwor, N.A. 2002. The use of legume trap<br />
crops for control of Striga hermonthica (Del.)<br />
Benth. in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.<br />
Moench) in Northern Nigeria. Mededelingen<br />
- Faculteit Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste<br />
Biologische Wetenschappen, Universiteit<br />
Gent 67(3): 421-430. (Confirming the<br />
potential of groundnut and bambara to reduce<br />
numbers of S. hermonthica, especially when<br />
planted as alternate hills rather than in<br />
alternate rows.)<br />
Gworgwor, N.A. 2003. Resistance of sorghum<br />
varieties to Striga hermonthica. Tropical<br />
Science 43(1): 48-52. (Local varieties Ex-<br />
Dapchi and Idon Makaho in Nigeria showed<br />
evidence of tolerance to S. hermonthica.)<br />
Haas, K., Bauer, M. and Wollenweber, E. 2003.<br />
Cuticular waxes and flavonol aglycones of<br />
mistletoes. Zeitschrift fur Naturforschung.<br />
Section C, Biosciences 58: 464-470. (Neither<br />
the crystalloid structures nor the chemical<br />
composition of the wax allowed<br />
discrimination between Viscum album and V.<br />
cruciatum.)<br />
Haidar, M.A. 2003. Characterisation of the<br />
interaction between cryptochromes and<br />
phytochromes in blue light-induced coiling<br />
and prehaustoria development of dodder<br />
(Cuscuta campestris) seedlings. Annals of<br />
Applied Biology 143: 57-62.<br />
Hirsch, A.M., Bauer, W.D., Bird, D.M.,<br />
Cullimore, J., Tyler, B. and Yoder, J.I. 2003.<br />
Molecular signals and receptors: controlling<br />
rhizosphere interactions between plants and<br />
other organisms. Ecology 84: 858-868.<br />
(Including a section on germination and<br />
haustorial stimulants in parasitic plants.)<br />
Hunter, J.T. 2003. Factors affecting range size<br />
differences for plant species on rock outcrops<br />
in eastern Australia. Diversity and<br />
Distributions 9(3): 211-220. (Hemi-parasites<br />
apparently contribute to greater species range<br />
sizes.)<br />
Hyun JinO, Lim Yongseok and Shin Hyunchur<br />
2003. Validation of Orobanche filicicola<br />
(Orobanchaceae) from Korea. Novon, 2003<br />
13(1): 64-67.<br />
Idris, A.E., Abouzeid, M.A., Boari, A., Vurro,<br />
M. and Evidente, A. 2003. Identification of<br />
phytotoxic metabolites of a new Fusarium sp.<br />
11<br />
inhibiting germination of Striga hermonthica<br />
seeds. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 42(1):<br />
65-70.<br />
Idu, M., Begho, E.R. and Akpaja, E.O. 2002.<br />
Anatomy of attachment of the root parasite<br />
Thonningia sanguinea Vahl. on Hevea<br />
brasiliensis. Indian Journal of Natural Rubber<br />
Research 15(1) 33-35. (Detailed observations<br />
on T. sanguinea, damaging to rubber in<br />
Nigeria.)<br />
INTSORMIL 2002. Bibliography -<br />
INTSORMIL, 1984-2002: fighting hunger<br />
and poverty with research, a team effort.<br />
<strong>International</strong> Sorghum and Millet<br />
Collaborative Research Program. 237 pp.<br />
(Including INTSORMIL articles on Striga.)<br />
Joita, M.P., Procopovici, E. and Raranciuc, S.<br />
2002. Sunflower breeding for resistance to<br />
the new races of broomrape (Orobanche<br />
cumana Wallr.) in Romania. In: Taborsky,<br />
V., Polak, J., Lebeda, A. and Kudela, V. (eds)<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Protection Science 38(Special 2): 604-<br />
607. (Demonstrating the existence of a new<br />
race F, and corresponding dominant<br />
resistance gene Or6.)<br />
Joshi, S.K. and Sanjay Gairola 2003. Cuscuta<br />
europaea Linn. (dodder plant): an emerging<br />
threat to plant diversity of Valley of Flowers.<br />
Current Science 84: 1285-1286. (Hosts in<br />
Uttah Pradesh include medicinal plants<br />
Dactylorhiza hatagirea, Gentianella<br />
moorcroftiana, Swertia paniculata, Selinum<br />
tenuifolium and Potentilla spp.)<br />
Kanampiu, F., Friesen, D. and Gressel, J. 2003.<br />
A new approach to Striga control. Pesticide<br />
Outlook 14(2): 51-53. (A general review of<br />
recent developments including seed-coating<br />
with imazapyr or pyrithiobac and new locally<br />
adapted, herbicide-resistant, open-pollinated<br />
maize cultivars.)<br />
Kanampiu, F.K., Kabambe, V., Massawe, C.,<br />
Jasi, L., Friesen, D., Ransom, J.K. and<br />
Gressel, J. 2003. Multi-site, multi-season<br />
field tests demonstrate that herbicide-coating<br />
herbicide-resistance maize controls Striga<br />
spp and increases yields in several African<br />
countries. Crop Protection 22: 697-706.<br />
(Tests with imazapyr and pyrithiobac on over<br />
90 sites in Kenya, Malawi, Tanzania, and<br />
Zimbabwe gave excellent control of S.<br />
hermonthica and S. asiatica and showed<br />
increased yields up to 4-fold on heavily<br />
infested sites.)<br />
Krause, K., Berg, S. and Krupinska, K. 2003.<br />
Plastid transcription in the holoparasitic plant<br />
genus Cuscuta: parallel loss of the rrn16
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
PEP-promoter and of the rpoA and rpoB<br />
genes coding for the plastid-encoded RNA<br />
polymerase. <strong>Plant</strong>a 216: 815-823. (Three<br />
achlorophyllous species, C. odorata, C.<br />
subinclusa, and C. gronovii, lack promoters<br />
for the plastid-encoded RNA polymerase but<br />
contain motifs similar to a nuclear-encoded<br />
RNA polymerase promoter. This contrasts<br />
with the chlorophyll-containing C. reflexa,<br />
which retains the plastid-encoded polymerase<br />
promoter. <strong>Parasitic</strong> plants continue to be<br />
useful in studying the evolution of plastid<br />
genes and their regulation.)<br />
Kuchinda, N.C., Kureh, I., Tarfa, B.D., Shinggu,<br />
C. and Omolehin, R. 2003. On-farm<br />
evaluation of improved maize varieties<br />
intercropped with some legumes in the<br />
control of Striga in the Northern Guinea<br />
savanna of Nigeria. Crop Protection 22: 533-<br />
538. (Intercropping the improved varieties<br />
with either soyabean or groundnut was more<br />
profitable than the local cultivar grown<br />
alone.)<br />
Kuijt, J. 2003. Miscellaneous mistletoe notes,<br />
37-47. Novon 13(1): 72-88. (Proposing 9 new<br />
species of Loranthaceae, 2 of Cladocolea, 4<br />
of Struthanthus and 3 of Dendrophthora.)<br />
Li XueMei, Pfiz, M., Kuppers, M., Einig, W.,<br />
Rennenberg, H. and Hampp, R. 2003.<br />
Sucrose phosphate synthase in leaves of<br />
mistletoe: its regulation in relation to host<br />
(Abies alba) and season. Trees: Structure and<br />
Function 17(3): 221-227. (Seasonal changes<br />
in carbohydrate metabolism in the parasite<br />
may be tied to availability of sugar in the host<br />
xylem.)<br />
Mack, R.N. and Lonsdale, W.M. 2003.<br />
Eradicating invasive plants: hard-won lessons<br />
for islands. In: Veitch, C.R. and Clout, M.N.<br />
(eds) Turning the tide: the eradication of<br />
invasive species: Proceedings of the<br />
<strong>International</strong> Conference on eradication of<br />
island invasives, pp.164-172. (Using the<br />
Striga control programme in USA as an<br />
example of what is possible.)<br />
Macklin, J. and Parnell, J. 2002. An account of<br />
the Santalaceae of Thailand. Thai Forest<br />
Bulletin (Botany) 30: 75-108. (Keys and full<br />
descriptions for 13 species in 7 genera,<br />
including some aerial parasities, mostly<br />
occurring in montane regions on e.g.<br />
Quercus, Lithocarpus and Vaccinium.)<br />
Manschadi, A.M., Wang, E., Robertson, M.J.,<br />
Meinke, H. and Sauerborn, J. 2003.<br />
Development of a parasite module in APSIM<br />
- case study: the parasitic weed Orobanche<br />
12<br />
crenata infesting faba bean. In: Unkovich,<br />
M. and O'Leary, G. (eds) Solutions for a<br />
better environment: Proceedings of the 11th<br />
Australian Agronomy Conference, Geelong,<br />
Victoria, February 2003, pp.0-4. (The<br />
parasite module, together with APSIM-Faba<br />
bean, was capable of predicting the biomass<br />
accumulation of O. crenata and the yield loss<br />
of infected faba bean for various infestation<br />
levels and sowing dates, also under different<br />
water supply conditions.)<br />
Marambe, B., Wijesundara, D.S.A., Tennakoon,<br />
K.U., Peneniya, D. and Jayasinghe, C. 2002.<br />
Growth and development of Cuscuta<br />
chinensis Lam. and its impact on selected<br />
crops. Weed Biology and Management 2: 79-<br />
83. (In pot experiments ‘C. chinensis’ (just<br />
possibly C. campestris?) showed greatest<br />
vigour on tomato causing about 80%<br />
reduction in dry weight; it was less vigorous<br />
and caused only 30-40% reduction of chilli;<br />
and it failed to parasitize rice. Germination<br />
was increased by scarification.)<br />
Maurer, W.D. 2003. (Dendroecological research<br />
on silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) stands<br />
damaged by mistletoe (Viscum album).) (in<br />
German) Mitteilüngen aus der<br />
Forschungsanstalt für Waldokologie und<br />
Forstwirtschaft Rheinland-Pfalz 50(3) 161-<br />
170. (Analysing attack by mistletoe under<br />
varying climate, soil, stand structure, and<br />
atmospheric deposition.)<br />
Millot, M. 2002. (Forest renewal one century<br />
after reforestation with black pines of<br />
badlands in the Haute-Provence.) (in French)<br />
Comptes rendus de l'Academie d'Agriculture<br />
de France 88(6): 59-68. (With reference to<br />
Viscum album as a factor in growing Pinus<br />
nigra.)<br />
Mohamed, A., Ellicott, A., Housley, T.L. and<br />
Ejeta, G. 2003. Hypersensitive response to<br />
Striga infection in Sorghum. Crop Science<br />
43: 1320-1324. (Characterising the hypersensitive<br />
response (HR) in varieties Framida<br />
and Dobbs and in the wild accession P47121.<br />
HR in P47121 proved heritable. Genotypes<br />
SRN-39, IS9830, and 555 had low stimulant<br />
activity but no HR. Framida had both<br />
characters.)<br />
Mooney, K.A. 2003. Promylea lunigerella<br />
glendella Dyar (Pyralidae) feeds on both<br />
conifers and parasitic dwarf mistletoe<br />
(Arceuthobium spp.): one example of food<br />
plant shifting between parasitic plants and<br />
their hosts. Journal of the Lepidopterists'<br />
<strong>Society</strong> 57: 47-53. (Feeding noted on both
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
Arceuthobium vaginatum and on Pinus<br />
ponderosa. Comparisons made with<br />
Dasypyga alternosquamella, a closely related<br />
phycitine, also feeding on Arceuthobium at<br />
this site.)<br />
Morlon-Guyot, J., Helmy, M., Lombard-Frasca,<br />
S., Pignol, D., Pieroni, G. and Beaumelle, B.<br />
2003. Identification of the ricin lipase site<br />
and implication in cytotoxicity. Journal of<br />
Biological Chemistry 278: 17006-17011.<br />
Mourik, T.A. van, Stomph, T.J and Westerman,<br />
P.R. 2003. Estimating Striga hermonthica<br />
seed mortality under field conditions. In:<br />
Bekker, R.M., Forcella, F., Grundy, A.C.,<br />
,Jones, N.E., Marshall, E.J.P. and Murdoch,<br />
A.J. (eds) Aspects of Applied Biology 69:<br />
187-194. (Loss of viability under field<br />
conditions in Mali was less in sterilised soil,<br />
and when seed density was lower.)<br />
Murdoch, A.J. and Kunjo, E.M. 2003. Depletion<br />
of natural soil seedbanks of Striga<br />
hermonthica in West Africa under different<br />
integrated management regimes. In: Bekker,<br />
R.M., Forcella, F. and Grundy, A.C., Jones,<br />
N.E., Marshall, E.J.P. and Murdoch, A.J.<br />
(eds) Aspects of Applied Biology 69: 261-<br />
268. (Depletion of S. hermonthica seeds over<br />
2 seasons in Gambia was 90% when fertilised<br />
cotton was grown but only 46% under<br />
unfertilised sorghum.)<br />
Mullen, J.D., Taylor, D.B., Fofana, M. and Kebe,<br />
D. 2003. A bio-economic model of long-run<br />
Striga control with an application to<br />
subsistence farming in Mali. <strong>International</strong><br />
Journal of Pest Management 49: 251-264.<br />
Murwani, R. 2003. Indonesian tea mistletoe<br />
(Scurrula oortiana) stem extract increases<br />
tumour cell sensitivity to tumour necrosis<br />
factor alpha (TNFalpha). Phytotherapy<br />
Research 17: 407-409. (Confirming that<br />
extracts of S. oortiana are cytotoxic to the<br />
WEHI-164 tumour cell line and increase<br />
tumour cell sensitivity to TNFalpha mediated<br />
lysis.)<br />
Musambasi, D., Chivinge, O.A. and Mariga, I.K.<br />
2002. Intercropping maize with grain<br />
legumes for Striga control in Zimbabwe.<br />
African Crop Science Journal 10: 163-171.<br />
(Intercropping maize with cowpea,<br />
groundnut, field bean and bambara nut<br />
caused only partial and unreliable reductions<br />
in emergence of S. asiatica but there may<br />
have been small advantages in total crop<br />
yields.)<br />
Mutikainen, P. and Koskela, T. 2002. Population<br />
structure of a parasitic plant and its perennial<br />
13<br />
host. Heredity 89: 318-324. (Allozyme<br />
studies suggested little evidence for coevolution<br />
of Cuscuta europaea with its host<br />
Urtica dioica.)<br />
Nadler-Hassar, T. and Rubin, B. 2003. Natural<br />
tolerance of Cuscuta campestris to herbicides<br />
inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis. Weed<br />
Research 43: 341-347. (C. campestris from<br />
several different hosts and sources, including<br />
Israel and USA, also one sample of C.<br />
monogyna, proved highly tolerant of<br />
glyphosate and related herbicides. Treatment<br />
of glyphosate-resistant sugar beet and tomato<br />
in the field resulted in initial suppression of<br />
C. campestris but there was later recovery<br />
and only limited benefit in host vigour. Overexpression<br />
and/or high specific activity of the<br />
target enzyme is suspected of being<br />
responsible. The usefulness of these<br />
herbicides for Cuscuta control in herbicideresistant<br />
crops is questioned.)<br />
Ndakidemi, P.A. and Dakora, F.D. 2003.<br />
Legume seed flavonoids and nitrogenous<br />
metabolites as signals and protectants in early<br />
seedling development. Functional <strong>Plant</strong><br />
Biology 30: 729-745. (Summarizing the roles<br />
of seed coat metabolites in symbiotic<br />
legumes, with the aim of evaluating the<br />
potential for manipulating these molecules to<br />
increase plant yields. Striga also considered.)<br />
Nun, N.B., Plakhine, D., Joel, D.M. and Mayer,<br />
A.M. 2003. Changes in the activity of the<br />
alternative oxidase in Orobanche seeds<br />
during conditioning and their possible<br />
physiological function. Phytochemistry<br />
64(1): 235-241. (AOX respiratory pathway<br />
plays an important role during seed<br />
preconditioning and may function in reducing<br />
levels of reactive oxygen species.)<br />
Ohashi, K., Winarno, H., Mukai, M., Inoue, M.,<br />
Prana, M. S., Simanjuntak, P. and Shibuya,<br />
H. 2003. Indonesian medicinal plants. XXV.<br />
Cancer cell invasion inhibitory effects of<br />
chemical constituents in the plant Scurrula<br />
atropurpurea (Loranthaceae). Chemical &<br />
Pharmaceutical Bulletin 51(3): 343-345.<br />
(Among the constituents studied, the alkynic<br />
fatty acid octadeca-8,10,12-triynoic acid<br />
exhibited inhibitory effects on cancer cell<br />
invasion in vitro. S. atropururea is referred to<br />
as a parasite of tea.)<br />
Olmstead, R.G., Depamphilis, C.W., Wolfe,<br />
A.D., Young, N.D., Elisens, W.J. and<br />
Reeves, P.J. 2001. Disintegration of the<br />
Scrophulariaceae. American Journal of<br />
Botany 88: 348-361. (On the basis of
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
molecular studies involving three plastid<br />
genes, proposing the transfer of all parasitic<br />
genera of Scrophulariaceae into<br />
Orobanchaceae. Apologies for late posting –<br />
see item above ‘<strong>Parasitic</strong> Scrophs – no such<br />
thing?’.)<br />
Olupot, J.R., Osiru, D.S.O., Oryokot, J. and<br />
Gebrekidan, B. 2003. The effectiveness of<br />
Celosia argentea (Striga "chaser") to control<br />
Striga on sorghum in Uganda. Crop<br />
Protection 22: 463-468. (Inter-planting C.<br />
argentea reduced Striga about 50% and<br />
increased sorghum yields. C. argentea is<br />
shown to stimulate Striga germination.)<br />
Ouyang Jie, Wang XiaoDong, Zhao Bing and<br />
Wang YuChun 2003. Light intensity and<br />
spectral quality influencing the callus growth<br />
of Cistanche deserticola and biosynthesis of<br />
phenylethanoid glycosides. <strong>Plant</strong> Science<br />
165: 657-661. (Blue light caused increased<br />
callus biomass and phenylethanoid glycoside<br />
(PeG) production as compared to cultures<br />
growing under white light. Greater PeG<br />
levels are attributed to higher phenylalanine<br />
ammonia lyase activity in blue light.)<br />
Parnell, J. 2001. A revision of Orobanchaceae in<br />
Thailand. Thai Forest Bulletin (Botany) 29:<br />
72-80. (Describing the widespread Aeginetia<br />
indica, the rarer A. pedunculata and the<br />
endemic Christisonia siamensis.)<br />
Pierce, S., Ley, G., Mbwaga, A.M., Lamboll,<br />
R.I., Riches, C.R., Press, M.C. and Scholes,<br />
J.D. 2003. Farmers, farms and physiology: an<br />
integrated approach to Striga research. In:<br />
Proceedings, Crop Science and Technology<br />
2003, BCPC <strong>International</strong> Congress,<br />
Glasgow, 2003, pp. (Reviewing a range of<br />
inter-related studies leading to practical<br />
choices of new sorghum varieties for farmers,<br />
based on soil type and fertilizer use.)<br />
Plitmann, U. 2002. Agamospermy is much more<br />
common than conceived: a hypothesis. Israel<br />
Journal of <strong>Plant</strong> Sciences 50(Supplement):<br />
S111-S117. (Discussing the evolutionary<br />
implications of casual or facultative<br />
agamospermy in opportunistic plants and<br />
higher parasitic plants.)<br />
Procopovici, E. 2001. (Behaviour of some<br />
sunflower hybrids to Orobanche cumana<br />
attack under conditions of Dobrogea.) (in<br />
Romanian) Probleme de Protectia <strong>Plant</strong>elor<br />
29(2): 209-214. (Varieties Favorit, Turbo,<br />
Melody, Arena, and Pixel are recommended<br />
for growth in O. cumana-infested areas of<br />
Dobrogea.)<br />
14<br />
Puustinen, S. and Mutikainen, P. 2001. Hostparasite-herbivore<br />
interactions: implications<br />
of host cyanogenesis. Ecology 82: 2059-<br />
2071. (Studies on Trifolium repens with<br />
varying levels of cyanogenic glucosides, in<br />
the presence of parasitic Rhinanthus<br />
serotinus and/or the predatory snail Arianta<br />
arbustorum show that cyanogenesis deters<br />
the snail but not the parasite, while the snail<br />
was deterred by parasitism only in the<br />
absence of cyanogenesis.)<br />
Quested, H.M., Press, M.C. and Callaghan, T.V.<br />
2003. Litter of the hemiparasite Bartsia<br />
alpina enhances plant growth: evidence for a<br />
functional role in nutrient cycling. Oecologia<br />
135: 606-614. (Showing that litter from the<br />
nutrient-rich foliage of B. alpina enhances<br />
growth of Betula nana and Poa alpina.)<br />
Rathore, B.S. 2003. Blond psyllium - a new host<br />
for Orobanche. Indian Phytopathology 56(1):<br />
121. (‘Orobanche sp.’ recorded on <strong>Plant</strong>ago<br />
ovata.)<br />
Rehms, L. and Osterbauer, N.K. 2003. Detecting<br />
Orobanche minor seeds in soil using PCR.<br />
<strong>Plant</strong> Health Progress. July, 2003: 1-3.<br />
Robinson, D.C.E., Geils, B.W. and Muir, J.A.<br />
2002. Spatial statistical model for the spread<br />
of dwarf mistletoe within and between<br />
stands. In: Crookston, N.L., Havis, R.N. (eds)<br />
Proceedings - Rocky Mountain Research<br />
Station, USDA Forest Service, 2002,<br />
No.RMRS-P-25, pp.178-185.<br />
Rodriguez-Cruz, M.E., Perez-Ordaz, L., Serrato-<br />
Barajas, B.E., Juarez-Oropeza, M.A.,<br />
Mascher, D. and Paredes-Carbajal, M.C.<br />
2003. Endothelium-dependent effects of the<br />
ethanolic extract of the mistletoe<br />
Psittacanthus calyculatus on the vasomotor<br />
responses of rat aortic rings. Journal of<br />
Ethnopharmacology 86(2/3): 213-218.<br />
(Suggesting a mechanism for the supposed<br />
actiity of extracts of P. calyculatus against<br />
hypertension in traditional Mexican<br />
medicine.)<br />
Rousset, A., Simier, P. and Fer, A. 2003.<br />
Characterisation of simple in vitro cultures of<br />
Striga hermonthica suitable for metabolic<br />
studies. <strong>Plant</strong> Biology 5: 265-273. (Attempts<br />
to standardise the use of protoplasts were not<br />
successful, but the use of globular calluses<br />
looks promising.)<br />
Rubiales, D., Alcantara, C., Perez-de-Luque, A.,<br />
Gil, J. and Sillero, J.C. 2003. Infection of<br />
chickpea (Cicer arietinum) by crenate<br />
broomrape (Orobanche crenata) as<br />
influenced by sowing date and weather
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
conditions. Agronomie 23: 359-362.<br />
(Although there is somewhat more attack by<br />
O. crenata on chickpea with early, winter,<br />
sowing, the crop is still relatively resistant<br />
and little damaged.)<br />
Rubiales, D., Perez-de-Luque, A., Cubero, J.I.<br />
and Sillero, J.C. 2003. Crenate broomrape<br />
(Orobanche crenata) infection in field pea<br />
cultivars. Crop Protection 22: 865-872.<br />
(Reporting little resistance in 20 pea varieties<br />
but some useful results from delayed sowing<br />
and imazethapyr pre- and post-emergence.)<br />
Rubiales, D., Pérez-de-Luque, A., Joel, D.M.,<br />
Alcántara, C. and Sillero, J.c. 2003.<br />
Characterization of resistance in chickpea to<br />
crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata).<br />
Weed Science 51: 702-707. (Resistant<br />
chickpea varieties CA2065 and P2245 were<br />
shown to cause very little germination of O.<br />
crenata but also resisted penetration of<br />
haustoria by a form of resistance which did<br />
not involve host cell death but discolouration,<br />
inhibition and death of the invading<br />
haustorium.)<br />
Rugutt, K.J., Rugutt, J.K. and Berner, D.K. 2003.<br />
In vitro germination of Striga hermonthica<br />
and Striga aspera seeds by 1aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic<br />
acid.<br />
Natural Product Research 17(1): .47-62.<br />
(Results suggest a hormonal mode of action<br />
for ACC, involving indirect stimulation of<br />
biosynthesis of ethylene that then triggers<br />
seed germination.)<br />
Sanjai, V.N. and Balakrishnan, N.P. 2001. A<br />
note on the cryptic mimicry exhibited by<br />
Indian Viscaceae. Indian Journal of Forestry<br />
24: 233-234.<br />
Sanjai, V.N. and Balakrishnan, N.P. 2001. A<br />
note on hyper-parasitism in Indian Viscaceae.<br />
Indian Journal of Forestry 24: 235-236.<br />
Santos, C.V. dos – see Vieira Dos Santos, C.<br />
Sarikaya, O. and Avci, M. 2002. (Pest and<br />
diseases of the West Mediterranean forest<br />
tree, Cilician fir (Abies cilicica Carr.).) (in<br />
Turkish) Orman Muhendisligi 39(9/10): 20-<br />
23. (Including reference to damage by<br />
Viscum album.)<br />
Sauerborn, J., Kranz, B. and Mercer-Quarshie,<br />
H. 2003. Organic amendments mitigate<br />
heterotrophic weed infestation in savannah<br />
agriculture. Applied Soil Ecology 23: 181-<br />
186. (Observations in N. Ghana on ‘near’ and<br />
‘far’ fields with contrasting manuring and<br />
soil fertility help to confirm a negative<br />
correlation between soil fertility and Striga<br />
infestation.)<br />
15<br />
Schawaller, W. 2002. (The plant parasite<br />
Cynomorium as a feeding plant of cetonid<br />
beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) in<br />
southeastern Kazakhstan.) (in German)<br />
Entomologische Zeitschrift mit Insekten-<br />
Borse.112: 363-364. (Cetonia aurata and<br />
Potosia karelini observed feeding and<br />
causing damage.)<br />
Schneeweiss, G.M. and Weiss, H. 2003.<br />
Polyploidy in Aeginetia indica L.<br />
(Orobanchaceae). Cytologia 68(1): 15-17. (2n<br />
found to be 120 – apparently octoploid.)<br />
Showemimo, F.A. 2002. Evaluation of sorghum<br />
lines for Striga resistance. Tropical<br />
Agriculture 79: 237-240. (Field trails in<br />
Nigeria suggest lines SS-3, KSV-4 and KSV-<br />
8 are potential sources of S. hermonthica<br />
resistance.)<br />
Showemimo, F.A. 2003. Selection criteria for<br />
combining high yield and Striga resistance in<br />
sorghum. Tropicultura.21(3): 157-159. (<strong>Plant</strong><br />
vigour, stem girth, root weight, shoot weight<br />
and plant height all shown to be positively<br />
correlated with crop yield in the presence of<br />
Striga.)<br />
Singh, H.P., Batish, D.R. and Kohli, R.K. 2003.<br />
Allelopathic interactions and allelochemicals:<br />
new possibilities for sustainable weed<br />
management. Critical Reviews in <strong>Plant</strong><br />
Sciences 22: 239-311. (Including a section on<br />
the stimulatory allelochemicals involved in<br />
parasitic plant germination and haustorial<br />
initiation, also the use of microorganisms for<br />
parasitic weed control.)<br />
Stein, G.M., Bussing, A. and Schietzel, M. 2002.<br />
Stimulation of the maturation of dendritic<br />
cells in vitro by a fermented mistletoe extract.<br />
Anticancer Research.22(6C): 4215-4220.<br />
Sugimoto, Y., Ali, A.M., Yabuta, S., Kinoshita,<br />
H., Inananga, S. and Itai, A. 2003.<br />
Germination strategy of Striga hermonthica<br />
involves regulation of ethylene biosynthesis.<br />
Physiologia <strong>Plant</strong>arum 119: 137-145.<br />
(Detailed studies tend to confirm that<br />
conditioning of S. hermonthica seeds<br />
involves expression of ACC oxidase genes<br />
peaking after 15 days, while exposure to<br />
GR24 resulted in expression of ACC<br />
synthase genes, peaking after 10 hours,<br />
leading to endogenous ethylene generation<br />
and hence germination.)<br />
Swift, K., Turner, J. and Rankin, L. 2002.<br />
Cariboo Forest Region: Part 1 of 3. Forest<br />
health Stand Establishment Decision Aids.<br />
BC Journal of Ecosystems and Management<br />
2(1): 13-18. (An extension note including
Haustorium 44 December 2003<br />
discussion of the problem of Arceuthobium<br />
americanum in Pinus contorta.)<br />
Tang, S.X., Heesacker, A., Kishore, V.K.,<br />
Fernandez, A., El-Sayed, S., Cole, G. and<br />
Knapp, S.J. 2003. Genetic mapping of the<br />
Or5 gene for resistance to Orobanche Race E<br />
in sunflower. Crop Science 43: 1021-1028.<br />
(Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were<br />
used to map Or5 to sunflower linkage group<br />
3. This adds detail to previous maps, but Or5<br />
is located in a telomeric region and is proving<br />
difficult to map precisely.)<br />
Tikader, A. and Thangavelu, K. 2002. Incidence<br />
of Elyctranthe parasitica (L.) Dans., an<br />
epiphyte on mulberry. Indian Journal of<br />
Sericulture 41(2): 162-163.<br />
Tsanuo, M.K., Hassanali,A., Hooper, A.M.,<br />
Khan, Z., Kaberia, F., Pickett, J.A,. and<br />
Wadhams, L.J. 2003. Isoflavones from the<br />
allelopathic aqueous root exudates of<br />
Desmodium uncinatum. Phytochemistry 64:<br />
265-273. (Paper based on the thesis reported<br />
in the previous issue – reporting the<br />
separation of several active fractions from the<br />
root exudates of D. uncinatum, and the<br />
chemical structure of some of the major isoflavanoid<br />
components, one, uncinanone B,<br />
stimulating germination at 10-50 ppm, while<br />
uncinanone C inhibited radicle elongation at<br />
5-10 ppm.)<br />
Vaughn, K.C. 2003. Dodder hyphae invade the<br />
host: a structural and immunocytochemical<br />
characterization. Protoplasma 220(3/4) 189-<br />
200. (Close examination of C. pentagona<br />
reveals that hyphae do not grow through the<br />
host cell walls but rather induce the host to<br />
form a new cell wall which coats the growing<br />
hypha. It is also shown that the chimeric<br />
walls so formed are unique in composition<br />
and structure.)<br />
Vieira Dos Santos, C, Delavault, P., Letousey, P.<br />
and Thalouarn, P. 2003. Identification by<br />
suppression subtractive hybridization and<br />
expression analysis of Arabidopsis thaliana<br />
putative defence genes during Orobanche<br />
ramosa infection. Physiological and<br />
Molecular <strong>Plant</strong> Pathology 62: 297-303.<br />
(Twelve host genes induced by parasitism are<br />
characterized, notably including potential<br />
signalling components, sucrose carriers,<br />
antioxidants, and wall fortifiers.)<br />
Watson, D. M. 2002. Effects of mistletoe on<br />
diversity: a case-study from southern<br />
New South Wales. Emu, Journal of the Royal<br />
Australasian Ornithologists Union 102(3):<br />
275-281. (Removal of mistletoes was<br />
16<br />
associated with a significant reduction in<br />
numbers of bird species recorded.)<br />
Weinberg, T., Lalazar, A. and Rubin, B. 2003.<br />
Effects of bleaching herbicides on field<br />
dodder (Cuscuta campestris). Weed Science<br />
51: 663-670. (Effects of xylem-mobile<br />
fluorochloridone in reducing β-carotene<br />
levels was much more short-lived than that of<br />
phloem-mobile sulcotrione and mesotrione<br />
but all three led to destruction of plastids, and<br />
reduction of starch. β-carotene appears to be<br />
important to the integrity of amyloplasts.)<br />
Wijesundara, D.S.A., Jayasinghe, C., Marambe,<br />
B. and Tennakoon, K.U. 2001. Host-parasitic<br />
associations of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. in Sri<br />
Lanka. Annals of the Sri Lanka Department<br />
of Agriculture 3: 343-351. (Over 100 hosts<br />
listed for ‘C. chinensis’ in Sri Lanka but<br />
some confusion with C. campestris<br />
suspected. Hibiscus esculentus and Phaseolus<br />
vulgaris noted to be resistant.)<br />
Woodall, G.S. and Robinson, C.J. 2002. Direct<br />
seeding Acacias of different form and<br />
function as hosts for Sandalwood (Santalum<br />
spicatum). In: Maslin, B.R. and George, A.S.<br />
(eds) Conservation Science Western<br />
Australia 4(3): 130-134. (Proposing a multihost<br />
system, based mainly on Acacia<br />
acuminata, for cultivation of S. spicatum.)<br />
Yasuda, N., Sugimoto, Y., Kato, M., Inanaga, S.<br />
and Yoneyama, K. 2003. (+)-Strigol, a<br />
witchweed seed germination stimulant, from<br />
Menispermum dauricum root culture.<br />
Phytochemistry 62: 1115-1119. (Claiming to<br />
be the first report for the isolation of a<br />
strigolactone from aseptic plant culture.)<br />
<strong>HAUSTORIUM</strong> 44<br />
has been edited by Chris Parker, 5 Royal York<br />
Crescent, Bristol BS8 4JZ, UK (Email<br />
chrisparker5@compuserve.com), Lytton John<br />
Musselman, <strong>Parasitic</strong> <strong>Plant</strong> Laboratory,<br />
Department of Biological Sciences, Old<br />
Dominion University, Norfolk Virginia 23529-<br />
0266, USA (fax 757 683 5283; Email<br />
lmusselm@odu.edu) and Jim Westwood, Dept.<br />
of <strong>Plant</strong> Pathology, Physiology and Weed<br />
Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061-<br />
0331, USA (Email westwood@vt.edu). Send<br />
material for publication to any of the editors.<br />
Printing and mailing has been supported by Old<br />
Dominion University.