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RMRH8WB3–. Botany of the living plant. Botany; Plants. IRREGULAR NUTRITION 223 a sucker penetrates the living tissues of the host. In Viscum a suctorial system spreads from the original centre within the tissues of the host, penetrating along the region of the cambium. But in Loranthus the shoot of the parasite creeps along the outside of the host, and puts in suckers at intervals (Fig. 150). All these green parasites establish a relation with the conducting sys- tem of the host, especially with its xylem. Water with its dissolved. Fig. 150. Loranthus parasitic externally upon a branch of an Alligator
RMRG7WM7–. Bulletin - United States National Museum. Science. 322 BULLETIN 120, UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM, there was connection between Euro-Asia and extreme western United States, but the migration which brought to America the ancestors of Scaphiopus and its Protoopalinas quite likely occurred later, for.. neither host nor parasite are present in South America. The evolu- tion of Scaphiopus and of its Protoopalinas in North America was probably Tertiary or later (figs, 237, 238).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabi
RMRMABC8–. Annual report. Entomological Society of Ontario; Insect pests; Insects. 74 THE REPORT OF THE Egg Parasitism Egg parasitism was not noted prior to 1928 and the only species re- covered this season was the cosmopolitan chalcid, Trichogramma minutum Riley. Ascogaster carpocapsae Viereck, which was present in small num- bers can scarcely be considered an egg parasite since its oviposition in the egg of the host does not prevent hatching and development of the par- asite takes place in the host larvae. The occurrence of Trichogramma was first brought to our attention on July 3 when an adult was n
RMRDTRPH–. Introduction to botany. Botany. Roots. 41. has no green leaves, as in the case of dodder (see Fig. 15), it must depend upon its host for all kinds of food mare- rials, — for the starches, sugars, oils, and proteids manufac- tured by its host. It is, in other words, a complete parasite. But if, as in the case of the mistletoe, it has green leaves of its own, it is entirely dependent on its host for the water and dis- solved soil materials only, and is then but partly parasitic. 31. Roots of Air Plants. — The aerial roots of some tropical orchids and of other aerial plants (see Fig. 16) do not
![. Pathogenic micro-organisms. A text-book of microbiology for physicians and students of medicine. (Based upon Williams' Bacteriology). Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria. 442 . SPECIFIC MICRO-ORGANISMS the salivary glands, from which they escape into the human host when the mosquito bites. The cycle in Anopheles requires eight days at a temperature of 28° to ^o" C. At temperatures below 17° C. the microgametes are not produced. Development of the estivo-autumnal parasite through the stages of schizogony has been obtained by Bass and Johns^ in the test-tube, in a medium consisting of defib Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE3Y2G/pathogenic-micro-organisms-a-text-book-of-microbiology-for-physicians-and-students-of-medicine-based-upon-williams-bacteriology-bacteriology-pathogenic-bacteria-442-specific-micro-organisms-the-salivary-glands-from-which-they-escape-into-the-human-host-when-the-mosquito-bites-the-cycle-in-anopheles-requires-eight-days-at-a-temperature-of-28-to-oquot-c-at-temperatures-below-17-c-the-microgametes-are-not-produced-development-of-the-estivo-autumnal-parasite-through-the-stages-of-schizogony-has-been-obtained-by-bass-and-johns-in-the-test-tube-in-a-medium-consisting-of-defib-RE3Y2G.jpg ". Pathogenic micro-organisms. A text-book of microbiology for physicians and students of medicine. (Based upon Williams' Bacteriology). Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria. 442 . SPECIFIC MICRO-ORGANISMS the salivary glands, from which they escape into the human host when the mosquito bites. The cycle in Anopheles requires eight days at a temperature of 28° to ^o" C. At temperatures below 17° C. the microgametes are not produced. Development of the estivo-autumnal parasite through the stages of schizogony has been obtained by Bass and Johns^ in the test-tube, in a medium consisting of defib Stock Photo")
RMRE3Y2G–. Pathogenic micro-organisms. A text-book of microbiology for physicians and students of medicine. (Based upon Williams' Bacteriology). Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria. 442 . SPECIFIC MICRO-ORGANISMS the salivary glands, from which they escape into the human host when the mosquito bites. The cycle in Anopheles requires eight days at a temperature of 28° to ^o" C. At temperatures below 17° C. the microgametes are not produced. Development of the estivo-autumnal parasite through the stages of schizogony has been obtained by Bass and Johns^ in the test-tube, in a medium consisting of defib
RMRE2JY8–. Introduction to botany. Botany. 240 INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY by the grape leaf, until the fungus permeates the entire leaf. If the leaf is not able to make a surplus of food material, the amount taken by the parasite may result in the starvation and death of the grape leaf. Possibly, also, the parasite may excrete substances that poison the host plant.. Fio. 187. Experiments in destroying potato blight Photograph by the New York Agricultural Experiment Station illustrating the results of spraying potatoes to prevent disease. Those that were not sprayed yielded at the rate of 161 bushels per ac
![. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. Fig. 185. Armillaria mellea (often known as Agaricus melleus). This is a basidia fungus which can live either as a parasite or a saprophyte. As a parasite it is very destructive to the roots of coniferous trees. A, fructifications of various ages; c, c', very young " buttons "; st, the stem or stipe; r, the ring (the remains of a membrane by which the margin of ' the cap was at first attached to the stalk); g, the gills. B, branching myce- lium spread out between the bark and the wood of the root of the host. study, though the directions which Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDG50R/essentials-of-botany-botany-botany-fig-185-armillaria-mellea-often-known-as-agaricus-melleus-this-is-a-basidia-fungus-which-can-live-either-as-a-parasite-or-a-saprophyte-as-a-parasite-it-is-very-destructive-to-the-roots-of-coniferous-trees-a-fructifications-of-various-ages-c-c-very-young-quot-buttons-quot-st-the-stem-or-stipe-r-the-ring-the-remains-of-a-membrane-by-which-the-margin-of-the-cap-was-at-first-attached-to-the-stalk-g-the-gills-b-branching-myce-lium-spread-out-between-the-bark-and-the-wood-of-the-root-of-the-host-study-though-the-directions-which-RDG50R.jpg ". Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. Fig. 185. Armillaria mellea (often known as Agaricus melleus). This is a basidia fungus which can live either as a parasite or a saprophyte. As a parasite it is very destructive to the roots of coniferous trees. A, fructifications of various ages; c, c', very young " buttons "; st, the stem or stipe; r, the ring (the remains of a membrane by which the margin of ' the cap was at first attached to the stalk); g, the gills. B, branching myce- lium spread out between the bark and the wood of the root of the host. study, though the directions which Stock Photo")
RMRDG50R–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. Fig. 185. Armillaria mellea (often known as Agaricus melleus). This is a basidia fungus which can live either as a parasite or a saprophyte. As a parasite it is very destructive to the roots of coniferous trees. A, fructifications of various ages; c, c', very young " buttons "; st, the stem or stipe; r, the ring (the remains of a membrane by which the margin of ' the cap was at first attached to the stalk); g, the gills. B, branching myce- lium spread out between the bark and the wood of the root of the host. study, though the directions which
RMRE379C–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. ON THESIUM 229 ^cidia on Geranium pusillum, and possibly also on G. iriolle, G. rotundifolium; uredo- and teleutospores on Polygonum Con- volvulus, August and September. Uncommon. (Fig. 176.) The connection of the Eeoidium on the first-named host and the Puccinia on Pol. Convolvulus has been experimentally demonstrated by Tranzschel. It is possible that the same parasite also attacks P. dume- torum, P. Persioaria and others. The secidium is not known for certain to have occurred in Britain. The teleuto-sori of
RMRGWK7B–. Bulletin. 1901-13. Agriculture; Agriculture. EFFECT UPON THE HOST. 19 killed by freezing, or otherwise being mechanically destroyed. It is maintained that in extreme cold weather mistletoe has been largely killed out over large areas; for example, in the unprecedented cold wave of February, 1900. Its own bulkiness and brittleness would seem to operate toward the self-destruction of the mistletoe bush. In the case of infection upon the mesquite, spoken of elsewhere, the parasite so injures the branch upon which it sits as to kill the branch and thereby destroy itself. Usually, however, accide
RMRDHNCD–. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. SYMBIOSIS. 259 reckoned as semi-parasitic, having still green leaves and true roots. In addition, however, special organs are developed for attaching the parasite to the roots of other plants, from which at least a water supply and probably food materials are absorbed (fig. 217). Other semi-parasites, such as the mistletoe, attach themselves to the host above ground, and have no true roots of their own. Some parasitic seed plants twine about their hosts, and send into them absorbing organs by means of which they d
RMRDGWE7–. Plant studies; an elementary botany. Botany. THE NUTKITIoN OF I'LAXTS 161 oaks and tlu'ir allies, etc. (Figs. 140, 1.50). Tlie delicate branching filaments (hypha?) of the fungus spread through the soil, wrap the rootlets with a mesh of hyplux', and pene- trate into the cells. It seems clear that the fungus obtains food from the rootlet as a parasite; but it is also thought that the hyphal threads, spreading widely through the soil, are of great service to the host plant in aiding the rootlets in absorl)ing. If this be true, there is mutual ad- vantage in the association, for the small amoun
RMRDHJ21–. Foundations of botany. Botany; Botany. BOOTS 39 it may readily be transferred to moderately damp soil, and that the whole plant presents curious modifications when made to grow in earth instead of water. 51. Parasitic Roots.' — The dodder, the mistletoe, and a good many other parasites, live upon nourishment which they steal from other plants, called hosts. The parasitic. Fig. 15. — Aerial Adyentitlous Roots of the Ivy. roots, or haustoria, form the most intimate connections with the interior portions of the stem or the root, as the case may be, of the host-plant on which the parasite fasten
RMRHK8PC–. A biology of Crustacea. Crustacea. [20 A BIOLOGY OF CRUSTACEA they are enclosed in a membrane which is made by the crab. In the later stages of infection the cavity enclosed by the membrane communicates with the outside via a hole in the inner wall of the host's gill chamber. The usual epicardian larval stages are passed through, and the parasite enters the crab as a cryptoniscus. This moults and loses its limbs so that it resembles a small maggot. The blood cells of the host react to the presence of the parasite by gathering around it and enclosing it in a membrane, but the young parasite m
RMRH1H6A–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales), their biology and classification. Uredineae. ON THESIUM 229 iEcidia on Geranium pusillum, and possibly also on G. molle, G. rotundifolium; uredo- and teleutospores on Polygonum Con- volvulus, August and September. Uncommon. (Fig. 17().) The connection of the jecidium on tlie tirst-named host and the Puccinia on Pol. Convolvulus has been experimentally demonstrated by Tranzschel. It is possible that the same parasite also attacks P. dume- torum, P. Persicaria and others. The secidium is not known for certain to have occurred in Britain. The teleuto-sori of
RMRN53CY–. Animal parasites and parasitic diseases. Horses; Domestic animals -- Parasites; Veterinary medicine. PARASITOLOGY. 41 whose quarters are separated only by a partition, may get upon horses and cattle and cause temporary parasitism. Each parasite has its own host or hosts and will not live permanently upon another. Lice of Birds. The Large Hen Louse.—Menopon Biseriatum. This is the largest louse found upon the hen. It is about one-twelfth of an inch in length, light in color, with mouth parts arranged for mastication as illustrated in Fig. 10. The free extremities of the legs are provided with
RMRDBF9M–. Diseases of greenhouse crops and their control . Vegetables; Plant diseases; Plant diseases. Fig. 68. Rubber Plant and Schizanthus Diseases. a. Leptostromella leaf spot, b. cross section of rubber leaf to show relationship of the parasite to its host, to the left one magnified spore (after Hatch Expt. Sta. 9th Rept. 1897), c.^ and d. acervulus and germinating spores of Colletrotrichum schisanthi Ten (after Jensen, C. N.).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustratio
RMRDT33E–. The animals and man; an elementary textbook of zoology and human physiology. Zoology; Physiology. 412 THE ANIMALS AND MAN like sac fastened to the crab by means of the feeding root- lets. Loss by degeneration of the body-parts is carried very far in this case. Numerous other parasites live, like Sacculina, attached firmly to their host, and do not move about. They are. Fig. 205. Sacculina, a parasitic crustacean; A, attached to a crab, the root-like processes of the parasite penetrating the body of the host; B, the active larval condition; C, the adult removed from its host. (Enlarged; after
RMRGBRTM–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 30 DEPARTME:CirT BULLETIN- 779. Telenomus ashmeadi in the natural control of C. sayi. Frequently death does not occur until several hours, or even days, after the parasite has left the body of its host, the host meanwhile remaining inactive. Although eggs are deposited on the nymphs, no instances were ob- served in which the larvae of G. fuliginosa completed their develop- ment and issued before the host reached its adult stage. The seasonal history of G. fuliginosa corresponds very closely with that of C. sayi and the
RMRH13GD–. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. R Detmers, del. Fig. 4. Life stages of a Pimpla Parasite. (By the courtesy of the Ohio Exper- iment Station.) the stems of the evening primrose^ in which case the parasitic grub feeds externally on its host as shown at e. The most abundant species of Pimpla^''- however, as a parasite of the tent caterpillar lives inside the host, which generally is not killed until after it has spun its cocoon. In addition to the very general attack of the common tent caterpillar, there have been in many parts of the state more dangerous outbreaks of the Forest Tent Ca
RMREFKHA–. Common diseases of farm animals. Veterinary medicine. 320 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vaccination of the exposed or susceptible animals should be practised. On farms where the disease exists it may be neces- sary to vaccinate the young animals (less than two years of age) once or twice every year in order to prevent the disease. Medic- inal treatment is unsatisfactory. Texas or Tick Fever.—Tick fever is an infectious disease of cattle. It is caused by an animal organism that is present in the blood, and is conveyed from the animal that is host for the tick fever parasite to the non-infected animal b
RMRH8YXR–. Botany; an elementary text for schools. Plants. 184 STUDIES IN CRYPTOGAMS. 325. ori containing teleu- tospores of wheat true parasite, affecting wheat and a few other grasses. The mycelium here cannot be seen by the unaided eye, for it consists of threads which are present within the host plant, mostly in the intercellular spaces. These threads also send short branches, or haustoria (180), into the neighboring cells to absorb nutriment. The resting-spores of wheat rust are produced in late summer, when they may be found in black lines breaking through the epidermis of the wheat-stalk. They a
RMRM8GCT–. Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture ... Agriculture -- New York (State). Diseases of Alfalfa and Clover -VJ DODDER The dodders, Cuscuta sp., are parasitic flowering plants which attack a great niunber of hosts. In clover and alfalfa fields, dodder may become very destructive, killing in ever-widening circles. In the center of the infested areas the host plants will be entirely killed, while about the margin of these dead areas will be seen the dense mat of orange or yellowish stems. The parasite consists of slender, yellowish or orange-colored, much-branched stems, on which are
RMRHK2PH–. The biology of marine animals. Marine animals; Physiology, Comparative. EFFECTOR MECHANISMS 373 filament which in some species reaches a length fifty times that of the spore (Fig. 9.2). Exposure to the digestive fluids of the host causes the contained thread to unroll and shoot out. The discharged threads serve temporarily to anchor the parasite to the gut wall of the host (27, 30, 49, 56, 59, 101). Nematocysts and Colloblasts Nematocysts or stinging cells are found in coelenterates. Colloblasts or adhesive cells occur in ctenophores. The nematocysts of coelenterates are small capsules lying
RMRDHJK5–. An introduction to zoology, with directions for practical work (invertebrates). . „ „„ „ . , , Fig. 328.—Caterpillar of Pieris Fig. 327. -Panwus testaceus. brassicae Infested witli Apan- A common Ichneumon Wasp. teles glomeratus (Braconidae). Cabbage White Butterfly, laying a great number of eggs in its body. The larvae of the parasite develop within, absorbing the juices of their host without at first apparently incommoding it, for it eats voraciously all the time and appears healthy. Finally, however, the larvae emerge through its skin in order to pupate, and the caterpillar usually now d
RMRDBGE4–. North American trees : being descriptions and illustrations of the trees growing independently of cultivation in North America, north of Mexico and the West Indies . Trees. Golden Fig 369. Fig. 327. — Golden Fig. I. GOLDEN FIG—Ficus aurea NuttaU This tree starts into life as a parasite; the seed germinating in the crevices of the bark of other trees, produces aerial roots which, when they reach the ground, take root and become trunks; often several of these descend parallel, and sur- rounding the trunk of their host, finally come together and strangle, it. The branches also send down roots,
RMRE2FD9–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. SAPROPHYTISM AND SYMBIOSIS 341 semi-parasitism is that of the blue-green alga, Nostoc, species of which grow in little pockets or cavities in the tissues of the water-fern Salvinia, of Gunnera manicata,. Fig. 249.—Photomicrograph of a cross-section of the stem of a (ficoty- ledonous host-plant infested with the parasite, dodder {Cuscuta Sp.). Note the haustoria extending from the dodder (D, D') into the cortex of the host (H). Greatly enlarged. of Anthoceros, and of other plants, without apparent injury to the host (Fig. 160). 312. Artificial Parasites.—By rec
RMRGWM63–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. VINEYARD CONDITIONS IN LAKE ERIE VALLEY. 57 emerged. The host had been confined indoors during the winter, thus bringing out the hymenopterous parasite on February 2. It is probable that the root-worm eggs were first parasitized by the dip- terous insect and that later the eggs along the margin of the cluster were parasitized a second time by Lath- romeris fidix. The dipterous and the hymenopterous insects are undoubtedly both primary parasites.^. VINEYARD CONDITIONS IN THE LAKE ERIE VALLEY. Fig. 27.—Lathromeris
RMRDYH4T–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. 388 -VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY. wall or other support to which it is clinging. The roots of Thesium show a similar property. When they come into contact with other roots growing near them they develop a swelling at the point 13 of contact, from which certain cells grow out and penetrate the host, forming haust- oria (fig. 157). The parasite Guscuta, often found growing on clover, is affected in the same way, first twining round the clover stem and then putting out haustoria, which penetrate its tissues (fig. 158). Another form of irritabi
RMREFKBM–. Common diseases of farm animals. Veterinary medicine. 320 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vaccinatio7i of the exposed or susceptible animals should be practised. On farms where the disease exists it may be neces- sary to vaccinate the young animals (less than two years of age) once or twice every year in order to prevent the disease. Medic- inal treatment is unsatisfactory. Texas or Tick Fever.—Tick fever is an infectious disease of cattle. It is caused by an animal organism that is present in the blood, and is conveyed from the animal that is host for the tick fever parasite to the non-infected animal
RMRDGPBH–. Animal parasites and parasitic diseases . Domestic animals; Veterinary medicine. PARASITOLOGV. 41 whose quarters are separated only by a partition, may get upon horses and cattle and cause temporary parasitism. Each parasite has its own host or hosts and will not live permanently upon another. Lice of Birds. The Large Hen Louse.—Menopon Biseriatum. This is the largest louse found upon the hen. It is about one-twelfth of an inch in length, light in color, with mouth parts arranged for mastication as illustrated in Fig. 10. The free extremities of the legs are provided with booklets which aid
![. A manual for the study of insects. Insects. 590 THE STUDY OF INSECTS, of attack of these parasites is between two abdominal segments of the host. The presence of one of these para- sites is indicated by an irregularity in the outline of the abdomen of the infested wasp or bee; and, too, the heads of the pupa cases of the parasites can be seen project- ing from the suture. ** The head of the pupa case of the male is convex, that of the female is flat; specimens con- taining male pupae can be kept confined with proper food until the parasite is hatched." (Le Conte and Horn.) Two genera oc Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RD6YWX/a-manual-for-the-study-of-insects-insects-590-the-study-of-insects-of-attack-of-these-parasites-is-between-two-abdominal-segments-of-the-host-the-presence-of-one-of-these-para-sites-is-indicated-by-an-irregularity-in-the-outline-of-the-abdomen-of-the-infested-wasp-or-bee-and-too-the-heads-of-the-pupa-cases-of-the-parasites-can-be-seen-project-ing-from-the-suture-the-head-of-the-pupa-case-of-the-male-is-convex-that-of-the-female-is-flat-specimens-con-taining-male-pupae-can-be-kept-confined-with-proper-food-until-the-parasite-is-hatchedquot-le-conte-and-horn-two-genera-oc-RD6YWX.jpg ". A manual for the study of insects. Insects. 590 THE STUDY OF INSECTS, of attack of these parasites is between two abdominal segments of the host. The presence of one of these para- sites is indicated by an irregularity in the outline of the abdomen of the infested wasp or bee; and, too, the heads of the pupa cases of the parasites can be seen project- ing from the suture. ** The head of the pupa case of the male is convex, that of the female is flat; specimens con- taining male pupae can be kept confined with proper food until the parasite is hatched." (Le Conte and Horn.) Two genera oc Stock Photo")
RMRD6YWX–. A manual for the study of insects. Insects. 590 THE STUDY OF INSECTS, of attack of these parasites is between two abdominal segments of the host. The presence of one of these para- sites is indicated by an irregularity in the outline of the abdomen of the infested wasp or bee; and, too, the heads of the pupa cases of the parasites can be seen project- ing from the suture. ** The head of the pupa case of the male is convex, that of the female is flat; specimens con- taining male pupae can be kept confined with proper food until the parasite is hatched." (Le Conte and Horn.) Two genera oc
RMRDYW0W–. Genetics in relation to agriculture. Livestock; Heredity; Variation (Biology); Plant breeding. 406 GENETICS IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURE parasitica. The parasite is a native of eastern Asia where it is parasitic upon native species of chestnut, to which it appears to do relatively Uttle harm. In other words these species are highly resistant to the parasite. However, when the fungus was introduced into America, pre- sumably in nursery stock some 25 years ago, it found in our native species, Castanea americana, a very susceptible host (Fig. 16.5). The parasite has already caused the destruction
RMRH8W9H–. Botany of the living plant. Botany; Plants. 226 BOTANY OF THE LIVING PLANT. Fig. 153. Median section of a young plant of Orobanche seated upon the root of its host. (After Hovelacque.) ( x 20.) and cortex, thus tapping both storage and conducting tissues. Where the sucker impinges upon a vascular strand a continuous xylem- connection may be established ; in the phloem also a close relation of the sieve- tubes of the parasite with those of the host has been shown. The Broomrape (Orobanche), and the Toothwort (Lathraea) are further examples of parasites with complete physiologi- cal dependence
RMRHK822–. The biology of flowering plants. Phanerogams; Plant physiology; Plant ecology; Plant Physiology. OTHER LORANTHACE.E 227 which suckers penetrate shoots of the host or even other branches of the parasite itself. On reaching the wood these suckers splay out to form an absorbing disc in contact with the wood, and this in its turn sends absorptive filaments into the medullary rays. Finally, some twining species of Struthanthus produce suckers directly from the stem. The securing of the seed to the host by a viscid layer of the fruit wall is universal in the family. Keeble (1895) states that the f
RMRDTWE7–. Plants; a text-book of botany. Botany. THE FOOD OF PLANTS 89 oaks and their allies, etc. (Figs. 76, 77). The delicate branching filaments (hyphse) of the fungus spread through the soil, wrap the rootlets with a mesh of hyphse, and pene- trate into the cells. It seems clear that the fungus obtains food from the rootlet as a parasite; but it is also thought that the hyphal threads, spreading widely through the soil, are of great service to the host plant in aiding the rootlets in absorbing. If this be true, there is mutual ad- vantage in the association, for the small amount of nourishment tak
RMRH33K2–. British fungi. Fungi -- Great Britain; Botany -- Great Britain; Lichens. LICHENS 519 fungi attacking higher plants, can be observed at the present day. Incipient parasites often promptly kill their host-plant ; whereas, at the other extreme, many parasites do not kill the host-plant, neither, so far as our knowledge goes, do they cause the slightest inconvenience, and in some instances the presence of the parasite actually appears to benefit the host-plant. When parasite and host have reached the point, through a long series of struggles against each other, of mutually aiding each other, and
RMRH1H77–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi -- Great Britain. ON THESIUM 229 /Ecidia on Geranium pusillum, and possibly also on G. molle, G. rot a ml! folium; uredo- and teleutospores on Polygonum Con- volvulus, August and September. Uncommon. (Fig. 176.) The connection of the secidium on the first-named host and the Puccinia on Pol. Convolvulus has been experimentally demonstrated by Tranzschel. It is possible that the same parasite also attacks P. dume- toruin, P. Persicaria and others. The recidium is not known for certain to have occurred in Britain.
RMRFPAJB–. Cassell's natural history. Animals; Animal behavior. THE ICUXEUMOXS. coutouts of its body. In some cases the lelmeiimon larva makes its way witliiu tli(> body of its host, uiul becomes an internal parasite ; in others it remains permanently on the outside, its hinder extremity being always enclosed between the valves of the egg-shell, and then, its body being very translucent, the transfer of the substance of the host to the parasite may be observed going on very actively. In the genus Emiiia and its allies we find ji very curious arrangement. The abdomen, instead of springing from the ba
![. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). mo INVEHTKBUA TE MOIWIIOLOG Y. 1 . yet beeu observed, but there is uo reason for doubtiug that it is the result of the partheiio^euetic developmeut of owe of the germ-cells which occur iu the body-cavity of the embryo. So loug, however, as it reiuaius iu the tissues of the Mollusk it undergoes no further development; it can only reach ma- turity in a second host, iu this case some water-bird which swallows the Mollusk and its eucapsuled parasite, when the latter, its Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RJ4P54/a-textbook-of-invertebrate-morphology-microform-invertebrates-morphology-animals-invertbrs-morphologie-animaux-mo-invehtkbua-te-moiwiiolog-y-1-yet-beeu-observed-but-there-is-uo-reason-for-doubtiug-that-it-is-the-result-of-the-partheiioeuetic-developmeut-of-owe-of-the-germ-cells-which-occur-iu-the-body-cavity-of-the-embryo-so-loug-however-as-it-reiuaius-iu-the-tissues-of-the-mollusk-it-undergoes-no-further-development-it-can-only-reach-ma-turity-in-a-second-host-iu-this-case-some-water-bird-which-swallows-the-mollusk-and-its-eucapsuled-parasite-when-the-latter-its-RJ4P54.jpg ". A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). mo INVEHTKBUA TE MOIWIIOLOG Y. 1 . yet beeu observed, but there is uo reason for doubtiug that it is the result of the partheiio^euetic developmeut of owe of the germ-cells which occur iu the body-cavity of the embryo. So loug, however, as it reiuaius iu the tissues of the Mollusk it undergoes no further development; it can only reach ma- turity in a second host, iu this case some water-bird which swallows the Mollusk and its eucapsuled parasite, when the latter, its Stock Photo")
RMRJ4P54–. A textbook of invertebrate morphology [microform]. Invertebrates; Morphology (Animals); Invertébrés; Morphologie (Animaux). mo INVEHTKBUA TE MOIWIIOLOG Y. 1 . yet beeu observed, but there is uo reason for doubtiug that it is the result of the partheiio^euetic developmeut of owe of the germ-cells which occur iu the body-cavity of the embryo. So loug, however, as it reiuaius iu the tissues of the Mollusk it undergoes no further development; it can only reach ma- turity in a second host, iu this case some water-bird which swallows the Mollusk and its eucapsuled parasite, when the latter, its
RMRDE4NM–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 59 the rest of the plant. Then arise the carbuncle-like swellings of the leaves. If a kernel of the cob is attacked it increases perhaps tenfold in size. During this increase of size the fungus is also gaining strength and keeping pace with its partner plant-part, and when the proper moment has arrived for the formation of its spores it proceeds rapidly and utilizes all the extra food stored up by the swollen host plant-parts and de- stroys the latter rapidly. Such a parasite stimulates its host to unusual activity for a lon
RMRH1MHE–. British fungi. Fungi -- Great Britain; Botany -- Great Britain; Lichens. DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGI 55 during the winter on tlie dead, fallen leaves, and the fungus thus continues its annual cycle of development. In this instance the course of the fungus can be arrested by clearing away and burning all fallen infected leaves before the spores are liberated and dispersed by wind, animals, insects, etc., in the spring. Going to the other extreme, where the parasite has evolved the method of living along with its host-plant witliout causing injury, but, on the other hand, actually enabling the ho
RMRDHCHK–. Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis. Botany; 1889. MONOPETAL^. 59 in diameter), and the rootlets it sends down into the host on which it lives; for the Kafflesia is a parasite. It is usually found on the sur- face-roots of a species of Cissus. The flower has a 5-parted perianth with numerous bracts below it; in the centre is a deep cup, or corona, which will hold 12 pints of water. The flowers are dioecious; their smell, like that of tainted beef, attracts flies, which aid in the work of fertilization. The Aristolochia (Pi
RMRN524P–. Animal parasites and human disease. Insect Vectors; Parasites; Parasitic Diseases; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. DWARF TAPEWORM 243 by the armed head, and become adult. It is said that eggs of this parasite can be found in the faeces within a month after an egg of the preceding generation has been swallowed. Self- infection with these eggs rarely occurs, since the eggs will not develop unless acted upon by the gastric juices. There is still room for doubt as to whether an insect is not commonly involved as an intermediate host as in other species of Hymenolepis; in fa
RMRE3B2T–. Practical botany. Botany. 230 PEACTICAL BOTANY found upon the willow, oak, some of the smartweeds, and- upon many other plants. The powdery mycelium lives upon the surfaces of the leaves. Haustoria, by means of which nutrient material is extracted from the host, are sent into the leaf from the superficial hyphae. The fungus is therefore a superficial parasite. At times upright hyphse form transverse walls, cutting from their tips rows of small cells, the conidia. The powdery appearance of the mildews S^J^^ is due largely to the pres- ence of large numbers of these conidia. The co- nidia, if
RMRGWK81–. Bulletin. 1901-13. Agriculture; Agriculture. 18 THE MISTLETOE PEST IN THE SOUTHWEST. spread of nearly 3 feet and to be more than an inch in diameter just above the buttressed point of attacliment to the slender branch of the host (PL II, fig. 1). The rate of growth varies with the host, being much slower in the cases of the mesquite and the osage orange. The location of the host with respect to moist or dry soils naturally also affects the rate of growth of the parasite. LONGEVITY. The parts of mistletoe embedded in the tissues of its host appear to have no fixed limit to continued existence
RMRGBJ38–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. a * c * ^b Fig. 17.—Dibrachys houcheanus: a, Larva; 6, pupa; c, adult female; d, heul of larva; e, antenna of ' male, highly magnified. Greatly enlarged. (After Howard.) johannseni and Chelonus slioshoneanorum, the former seeming to be its favorite host. Tliis species was reared from the egg in the laboratory, where it attacked the mature larvae of its hosts after they had spun their cocoons. Wliere the cocoons were not too thick to prevent it from reaching its host tiie parasite would often feed at the wounds caused by its oviposi
RMRGBEEM–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. The Black-Walnut Curculio. a, Egg in natural position exposed by removing skin of young black walnut; 6, group of egg punctures in half-grown black'walnut; c, parasitic fly Cholomyia lonc/ipes; d, pupae within pupal cells in earth; e, cocoons of the parasite Thehilochus conotracheli occupying the pupal cells of the curculio after killing and devouring the host larvae. All enlarged.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration an
RMRE0KE0–. Elementary plant physiology. Plant physiology. Nutrition. 97 and note the manner in which the fine hyphal threads of the parasite penetrate the cells of the host, or show de- vices for drawing nutritive material from them. Rusts, mildews, and molds will offer many accessible examples for such studies. 100. Symbiosis of a seed plant and a fungus Cut sections of the apical portions of the roots of any coniferous tree, and note the presence of a fungus which may enwrap the root in some species, replacing the piliferous layer, while in others it penetrates the cortical cells, send- ing hyphae ou
RMRHP6PW–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PRELIMINARY NOTE ON NEW PROTOZOAN PARASITE. 40! the animal presents a smooth creamy-white appearance, or very rarely, a light brownish tinge. The latter color, however, is probably due to a staining action on the parasite of some sub- stance from the host. The large unattached end of the animal is bluntly rounded. At a greater or less distance from this end the body branches into two rami each of which is narrower than the main trunk (Fig. i). Each of the two primary rami branch again to form two smaller secondary rami. This
RMRGWE7F–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 26 o})servati()n it is cvidciit tiiat the o-s (or iiiaj^-gots) of the parasite wcro placed upon the host (this grasshopper) previous to the third molt, and that the larval life of the parasite is at least as long as from May i^»j to August 28, or a period of nin(>ty-tive days. It is astonish- ing that all of the natural funetions of grasshoppers went on during this remarkal)le period of parasitic attack. Just to what extent the parasitic flies lessened the number of grasshoppers it is difficult to say owing t
RMRGC6YR–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. Fig. 29.— Chelonus shoshoneanorum: Adult female. Much enlarged. (Original.) explains its comparative immunity from the secondary parasite Dibrachys houcheanus. The adult feeds quite often at the oviposition wounds of its host. The adults are very hardy and the female is long Hved, One female lived from July 19 to September 21, 1914, a period of 64 days, and in this time 291 adults were reared from this one specimen. When the. Fig. 30.— Chelonous shoshoneanorum: Female ovipositing in egg of tuber moth. Much enlarged. (O
RMRN4RJ9–. Animal parasites and human disease. Parasites; Medical parasitology; Insects as carriers of disease. PARASITE OF KALA-AZAR 79 of a possible cycle in an insect host. That this phase of the life history of the parasite may normally be omitted is never- theless quite possible. Human Cycle. — After entering the human body, the para- sites probably utilize the blood and lymph streams to obtain transportation to all parts of the body, but do not live free in © # % *& «. F #S. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readabil
![. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. Fig. 185. Armillaria mellea (often known as Agaricus melleus). This is a basidia fungus which can live either as a parasite or a saprophyte. As a parasite it is very destructive to the roots ot coniferous trees. A, fructifications of various ages; c, c', very young *' buttons "; st, the stem or stipe; r, the ring (the remains of a membrane by which the margin of the cap was at first attached to the stalls); g, the gills. B, branching myce- lium spread out between the bark and the wood of the root of the host. stud/, though the directions which follo Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDWFG9/essentials-of-botany-botany-botany-fig-185-armillaria-mellea-often-known-as-agaricus-melleus-this-is-a-basidia-fungus-which-can-live-either-as-a-parasite-or-a-saprophyte-as-a-parasite-it-is-very-destructive-to-the-roots-ot-coniferous-trees-a-fructifications-of-various-ages-c-c-very-young-buttons-quot-st-the-stem-or-stipe-r-the-ring-the-remains-of-a-membrane-by-which-the-margin-of-the-cap-was-at-first-attached-to-the-stalls-g-the-gills-b-branching-myce-lium-spread-out-between-the-bark-and-the-wood-of-the-root-of-the-host-stud-though-the-directions-which-follo-RDWFG9.jpg ". Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. Fig. 185. Armillaria mellea (often known as Agaricus melleus). This is a basidia fungus which can live either as a parasite or a saprophyte. As a parasite it is very destructive to the roots ot coniferous trees. A, fructifications of various ages; c, c', very young *' buttons "; st, the stem or stipe; r, the ring (the remains of a membrane by which the margin of the cap was at first attached to the stalls); g, the gills. B, branching myce- lium spread out between the bark and the wood of the root of the host. stud/, though the directions which follo Stock Photo")
RMRDWFG9–. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. Fig. 185. Armillaria mellea (often known as Agaricus melleus). This is a basidia fungus which can live either as a parasite or a saprophyte. As a parasite it is very destructive to the roots ot coniferous trees. A, fructifications of various ages; c, c', very young *' buttons "; st, the stem or stipe; r, the ring (the remains of a membrane by which the margin of the cap was at first attached to the stalls); g, the gills. B, branching myce- lium spread out between the bark and the wood of the root of the host. stud/, though the directions which follo
RMRD11N2–. The Danish Ingolf-expedition. Marine animals -- Arctic regions; Scientific expeditions; Arctic regions. Fig. i. Ascotkorax ophioctenis. i. $ from st. 105, lying in the bursa of the host. 2. the same, but the parasite has been re- moved from the bursa. 3. $ with $ from st no.. ' z. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Danish Ingolf-Expedition (1895-1896); Københavns universitet. Zoologisk museum. Copenhagen H. H
![. Text book of zoology. Zoology. Class 2. Trematoda. Order 1. Polystomea. 147 the host tegin to atrophy, and then wanders (probably through the alimentary canal of the Frog) into the ui-inai-y bladder, where its further development takes place. 3. Diplozoonparadoxum, "the Double-animal," lives in the gills of different fresh-water Fish. The larva is fui'nished with cilia, which atrophy after it has attached itself to the gills. The young parasite is an elongate animal with two suckers in front and several behind; there is, further, a median ventral sucker, and. ABC D Pig. 103. Diplom Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE3NM0/text-book-of-zoology-zoology-class-2-trematoda-order-1-polystomea-147-the-host-tegin-to-atrophy-and-then-wanders-probably-through-the-alimentary-canal-of-the-frog-into-the-ui-inai-y-bladder-where-its-further-development-takes-place-3-diplozoonparadoxum-quotthe-double-animalquot-lives-in-the-gills-of-different-fresh-water-fish-the-larva-is-fuinished-with-cilia-which-atrophy-after-it-has-attached-itself-to-the-gills-the-young-parasite-is-an-elongate-animal-with-two-suckers-in-front-and-several-behind-there-is-further-a-median-ventral-sucker-and-abc-d-pig-103-diplom-RE3NM0.jpg ". Text book of zoology. Zoology. Class 2. Trematoda. Order 1. Polystomea. 147 the host tegin to atrophy, and then wanders (probably through the alimentary canal of the Frog) into the ui-inai-y bladder, where its further development takes place. 3. Diplozoonparadoxum, "the Double-animal," lives in the gills of different fresh-water Fish. The larva is fui'nished with cilia, which atrophy after it has attached itself to the gills. The young parasite is an elongate animal with two suckers in front and several behind; there is, further, a median ventral sucker, and. ABC D Pig. 103. Diplom Stock Photo")
RMRE3NM0–. Text book of zoology. Zoology. Class 2. Trematoda. Order 1. Polystomea. 147 the host tegin to atrophy, and then wanders (probably through the alimentary canal of the Frog) into the ui-inai-y bladder, where its further development takes place. 3. Diplozoonparadoxum, "the Double-animal," lives in the gills of different fresh-water Fish. The larva is fui'nished with cilia, which atrophy after it has attached itself to the gills. The young parasite is an elongate animal with two suckers in front and several behind; there is, further, a median ventral sucker, and. ABC D Pig. 103. Diplom
RMRDPEJB–. First lessons in zoology. Zoology. ANIMAL PARASITES 295 to the crab b}' means of the feeding rootlets. Loss by degeneration of the body-parts is carried very far in this case. Internal parasites.—Inside the body of most animals live various parasites belonging to the great branch of. F'iG. 231. — Saccnlina, a parasitic crustacean; A, attached to a crab, the root-like processes of the parasite penetrating the body of the host ; j5, the active larval condition; C, the adult removed from its host. (After Haeckel.) worms. The tapeworm and the deadly trichina (see p. 146) are conspicuous examples
RMRDJFX1–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PHYCOMYCETES 137 upon plants growing in moist situations. A motile spore, zoo- spore, comes to rest upon an epidermal cell, and penetration doubtless results after a minute perforation is made, by the streaming through of the protoplasmic body. There are no evi- dences of a mycelium. The presence of the parasite in the epidermal cell may in time cause a minute gall-like abnormality of the host. The small galls are sometimes so numerous as to give the host the appearance of being af
RMRM8NXH–. Annual report of the Agricultural Experiment Station. Cornell University. Agricultural Experiment Station; Agriculture -- New York (State). The Bronze Birch Borer. Igt The pest does not escape from parasitic enemies. While examining some infested branches of birch in January, 1899, I founrl several borers that had been killed by parasitic grubs. The parasite had spun a tough, semi-transparent cocoon inside the skin of its host. J^ater the adult para- site was bred and it proved to be the interesting little creature shown much enlarged in Fig. 38. It is a Chalcid fly known to science as Phas-
![. Courses in forest pathology [microform]. Trees. -116* |S usually indicated by the presence of the parasite itself. On the Douglas fir they are probably of less frequent occurrence Ua^n on any other host. But in heavily infected trees large burls in- volving the circumference of the entire tree are often formed, though they are not at all conspicuous. Just as often a series of more or less isolated vurls will form along the trunk, each re- presenting the seat of an original infection. The final result of these burls is to cut off, or s,t least seriously intere with the transporting functions Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE5XJT/courses-in-forest-pathology-microform-trees-116-s-usually-indicated-by-the-presence-of-the-parasite-itself-on-the-douglas-fir-they-are-probably-of-less-frequent-occurrence-uan-on-any-other-host-but-in-heavily-infected-trees-large-burls-in-volving-the-circumference-of-the-entire-tree-are-often-formed-though-they-are-not-at-all-conspicuous-just-as-often-a-series-of-more-or-less-isolated-vurls-will-form-along-the-trunk-each-re-presenting-the-seat-of-an-original-infection-the-final-result-of-these-burls-is-to-cut-off-or-st-least-seriously-intere-with-the-transporting-functions-RE5XJT.jpg ". Courses in forest pathology [microform]. Trees. -116* |S usually indicated by the presence of the parasite itself. On the Douglas fir they are probably of less frequent occurrence Ua^n on any other host. But in heavily infected trees large burls in- volving the circumference of the entire tree are often formed, though they are not at all conspicuous. Just as often a series of more or less isolated vurls will form along the trunk, each re- presenting the seat of an original infection. The final result of these burls is to cut off, or s,t least seriously intere with the transporting functions Stock Photo")
RMRE5XJT–. Courses in forest pathology [microform]. Trees. -116* |S usually indicated by the presence of the parasite itself. On the Douglas fir they are probably of less frequent occurrence Ua^n on any other host. But in heavily infected trees large burls in- volving the circumference of the entire tree are often formed, though they are not at all conspicuous. Just as often a series of more or less isolated vurls will form along the trunk, each re- presenting the seat of an original infection. The final result of these burls is to cut off, or s,t least seriously intere with the transporting functions
RMRHTF1T–. Better fruit. Fruit-culture. Page 40. COMPLETE COVERING WITH THE MILDEW Bud that was infected after making a healthy start in the spring few short feeders that draw substance from the plant. The apple powdery mildew is no excep- tion to this general rule. The parasite grows over the surface of the affected portions of the host, and so far as the observations of the writer go it has a very limited internal system. The exter- nal growth of the fungus is, however, very profuse, and affords a very ready means of recognition. This mildew often BETTER FRUIT completely covers the surface of young s
RMRD11N6–. The Danish Ingolf-expedition. Marine animals -- Arctic regions; Scientific expeditions; Arctic regions. CIRRIPEDIA AND COPEPODA. Fig. i. Ascotkorax ophioctenis. i. $ from st. 105, lying in the bursa of the host. 2. the same, but the parasite has been re- moved from the bursa. 3. $ with $ from st no.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original work.. Danish Ingolf-Expedition (1895-1896); Københavns universitet. Zoologisk mus
RMRE3Y05–. Pathogenic micro-organisms. A text-book of microbiology for physicians and students of medicine. (Based upon Williams' Bacteriology). Bacteriology; Pathogenic bacteria. SPOROZOA 437 cyte and enlarges, retaining its oval or circular form. The nucleus of the host cell is pushed out of position but its form is not ma- terially altered. The full-grown parasite segments, producing lo to 30 merozoits and leaving behind a small residual body con- taining the accumulated pigment, thus completing the asexual. Pig. 196.—Proteosoma prcecox in the blood of a field lark (Glauda arvensis). A, Young parasi
RMRE0KE4–. Elementary plant physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 68.—Cuscuta attached to stem and leaves of an aster. After Johnson. converted into starch in leaves in which the stomata are closed ? gg. Nutritive relations of a parasite.—Secure some living specimens of Cuscuta, or dodder, to he found as yellow cord-like stems, at- tached to Impatiens and other plants on the margins of swamps and in meadows in late summer. Examine fresh material, and place remainder in formalin or alcohol. Note manner in which the dodder is attached to the host plant. Cut thin sections through the organs of attachment and
RMRR1HPT–. Agricultural entomology for students, farmers, fruit-growers and gardeners. Insects; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. ORDER IIYMENOPTERA 301 many other forms. They have broad liearls, rather thick jaws and are quite generally of brilliant metallic colors. A distinctive character is found in the reduction in the veins in the wings so that only the costal vein borders the front margin of the wing and is so developed as to be rigid. In larger insects a great number of these parasites may develop in a single individual. In the smaller species usually a single parasite is found in the host. They
RMRGW9KD–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 14 DECTDrOUR FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. Thrips are in the njroiind all of this time, and for the most part within reach of the cultivator, but they mature and arrive on the tr(Hs in March and April, before spring cultivating is begun. NATURAL ENEMIES. The pear tlmps is largeh' protected fi-om ordinary preaaceous and parasitic insects, because it spends so long a time hidden away in the ground. A successful parasite must in a way parallel the life of its host, and we have found no insect which thus follows t
RMRH29J8–. British plants : their biology and ecology. Plants; Plant ecology. 128 BRITISH PLANTS to one definite species of host, and are never found on any other. Others are not so particular. The drain upon the host is generally so great that it prematurely perishes ; fields of clover are sometimes ruined by the parasite. (3) Cuscuta—dodder; one native species, C. europcea, but several aliens ; N.O. Convolvulaceae (Fig. 42). The life-history of this climbing parasite is very interesting. The seed germinates on the ground, thrusting out a short anchoring root. Then a long attenuated filament grows out
RMREJRJJ–. The coccidian parasites (Protozoa, Sporozoa) of ruminants. Coccidia; Ruminants. Plate 26 Fig. 120. Electron micrograph of E. bovis (Ziiblin, 190S) Fiebiger, 1912 from Bos taurus (from Hammond, Scholtyseck and Miner, 1967). Peripheral por- tion of microgametocyte showing micropore. X 23,400. G, glycogen granule; H, host cell; N, nucleus; MI, mitochondrion; MIP, mi- cropore; MP, cell membrane of parasite.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectl
RMRN5KG3–. Animal biology. Zoology; Biology. 176 METAZOAN PHYLA 203. Life History of a Tapeworm.—The life history of a cestode (Fig. 87) also involves two hosts, the final host becoming infected with the parasite through eating the intermediate host. A typical life history is that of the beef tapeworm, Taenia saginata (Goeze), the adult of which is found in the human intestine, and which passes through the following steps in its life history:. Fig. 87.—Diagram showing the life history of Taenia saginata. A, the adult tapeworm (reduced), from intestine of man. B, the egg (much enlarged), containing six-
RMRD3T9D–. The Danish Ingolf-expedition. Marine animals -- Arctic regions; Scientific expeditions; Arctic regions. 14 CIRRIPEDIA AND COPEPODA Place in the host (fig. 8, i). The presence of the parasite is ordinarily betrayed by a slight swelling of the dorsal side of the host, viz., the Ophiurid Ophiomitrella clavigera (Ljungman); but as it has been found only in preserved material, it cannot be stated, if this swelling has a colour different from that of non-in- fested Ophiurids. The parasite lies interradially in one of the bursas, with its dorsal side turned towards the O.c.. Fig. 8. Ophioica (?) ap
RMRDE4MF–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter VI. Fungi. Parasites of Plants. JS Effect of parasite on host. We have already seen that para- sitism, in the broader sense, of a fungus on leaf-green plants is always one of two kinds of partnership, equal or unequal, and of the latter either the host or parasite may dominate. Now, equal partnerships are rare, and those unequal associa- tions with dominant hosts are also comparatively few, though science is rapidly adding many new examples to the list already known. The greatest number of partnerships are those in which the parasite is the p
RMRH13GW–. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. 142 NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE officers of that station. The egg is shown at a ; the hxrva at 6; the pupa at c; and the adult at d. These figures were made from the parasite as it preys upon the larva of a borer in. R Detmers, del. Fig. 4. Life stages of a Pimpla Parasite. (By the courtesy of the Ohio Exper- iment Station.) the stems of the evening primrose^ in which case the parasitic grub feeds externally on its host as shown at e. The most abundant species of Pimpla^''- however, as a parasite of the tent caterpillar lives inside the host, which generally
RMRHP0AB–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 278 EDWARD G. REINHARD MATERIALS EXAMINED Thirty parasitized crabs of the species C. sapidns were used in this study, with both sexes almost equally represented. The parasite is found attached to the underside of the abdomen of the host (Fig. 1), with the stalk of attachment fastened to the midline of the fourth or fifth abdominal segment, rarely on the third. As a rule, one parasite occurs on a single host, but instances of multiple infestation are not uncommon. Of 30 infested Callinectes, 18 bore one parasite, 7 had 2 para
RMRN3X65–. Animal studies. 338 ANIMAL STUDIES notheres) which live habitually inside the shells of living mussels. The mussels and the crabs live together in per- fect harmony and to their mutual benefit.. Fig. 203.—Hermit-crab (Pagurus) in shell, wuh a sea-anemone (Adamsia palliata) attached to the shell.—After Hertwig. 272. Relation of parasite and host.—There are many instances in the animal kingdom of an association between two animals by which one gains advantages great or small, sometimes even obtaining all the necessities of life, while the other gains nothing, but suffers corresponding dis- adv
RMRD40K8–. Dansk botanisk arkiv. Plants; Plants -- Denmark. F. Børgesen: List of species. 481 scribed by Richards for Choreocolax Polysiphoniæ^) and thereby showing that we have to do with a real parasite. From the transverse section is seen that the cells nearest to the host plant generally are the smallest, but they grow gradually larger. The cells in the middle of the tissue are roundish-polygo-. Fig. 434. Hypneocolax stellaris nov. spec, a, transverse section of parasite and host. b. part of the same more mag- nified, c, longitudinal section of apex, d, laminated membrane. (a, about 40:1; b and d,
RMRGCJ4G–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. THE IMPORTED PINE SAWFLY. 7. Fig. 5.—Diprion simile: Cocoons, a, Occupied by female,unopened; b, occupied by male, unopened; c, after emergence of female; d, male cocoon, showing emergence hole of a chalcid parasite; e, fe- male cocoon, showing emergence hole of a dipterous parasite. LIFE HISTORY AND SEASONAL HISTORY. The experiments to obtain data on the life history and seasonal history of Diprion simile were distinct from those pertaining to the; choice of host plant and also from those pertaining to the ability of
RMRHJYR9–. Biology and man. Biology; Human beings. â 1 i H 1 WiiW B. Alier (Jruenljera. 'J'lie iiluii/ ut Evulution AN INFANT'S RESEMBLANCE TO ITS ANCESTORS The almost shapeless Sacculina (C) growing as a parasite on the abdomen of the crab (D) has nothing in its structure or behavior to suggest a relationship to its host. Yet in its early development (A, B) it seems destined to become an unmistakable crus- tacean. Without a study of its life history we should never have guessed that host and parasite are of the same class of animals Darwin pointed out that similar regions which are occupied by differ
RMRDAMK9–. Beginners' botany. Botany. DEPENDENT PLANTS 107. taches itself to another plant, the dod- der dies away at the base and becomes wholly dependent. It produces flowers in clusters and seeds itself freely (Fig. 133). Parasites and Saprophytes. — A plant that is dependent on a living plant or animal is a parasite, and the plant or animal on which it lives is the host. The dodder is a true parasite; so are the rusts, mildews, and other fungi that attack leaves and shoots and injure them. The threads of a parasitic fungus usually creep through the intercellular spaces in the leaf or stem and send
RMRDY75N–. The families of flowering plants. Plants; Phanerogams. Fig. 38.—Pipewort (MriocOMlon septau- gulare). Showing enlarged flower and whole plant, natural size. Original. in dense spikes or panicles. Fig. 37.—Yellow-eyed grass {Kyria torta). Showing portion of plant and enlarged flower. Original. with many'of our showiest orchids. A parasite, on the other hand, de- rives its sustenance either wholly or in part from the host to which it is attached. The Bromeliaoeae contain about 36 genera and 900 species, entirely of tropical or subtropical distribu- tion. They have fleshy, often scurfy leaves,
RMRR1G9C–. Agricultural entomology for students, farmers, fruit-growers and gardeners. Insects; Insects, Injurious and beneficial. ORDER HYMENOPTERA 301 many other forms. They have broad heads, rather thick jaws and are quite generally of brilliant metallic colors. A distinctive character is found in the reduction in the veins in the wings so that only the costal vein borders the front margin of the wing and is so developed as to be rigid. In larger insects a great number of these parasites may develop in a single individual. In the smaller species usually a single parasite is found in the host. They a
![. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 222 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. conditions, since the tussock moth is rare in the country in eastern Massachusetts, and while it was expected that Compsilura would eventually be recovered as a parasite of this host, it was hardly expected that it would become of importance as a parasite so soon as 1910, or, for that matter, that it would become of importance as a parasite in cities at any time.. TOWA/S WHERE COMPS/LVRA COA/C/NA/ATA WAS FOUA/D PARAS/T/C OA/ &ROWA/-TA/L /A/ /SOS. m '"ATOWAJS W Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RGWJNC/bulletin-insects-insect-pests-entomology-insects-insect-pests-entomology-222-parasites-of-gipsy-and-brown-tail-moths-conditions-since-the-tussock-moth-is-rare-in-the-country-in-eastern-massachusetts-and-while-it-was-expected-that-compsilura-would-eventually-be-recovered-as-a-parasite-of-this-host-it-was-hardly-expected-that-it-would-become-of-importance-as-a-parasite-so-soon-as-1910-or-for-that-matter-that-it-would-become-of-importance-as-a-parasite-in-cities-at-any-time-towas-where-compslvra-coacnaata-was-fouad-parastc-oa-amprowa-tal-a-sos-m-quotatowajs-w-RGWJNC.jpg ". Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 222 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. conditions, since the tussock moth is rare in the country in eastern Massachusetts, and while it was expected that Compsilura would eventually be recovered as a parasite of this host, it was hardly expected that it would become of importance as a parasite so soon as 1910, or, for that matter, that it would become of importance as a parasite in cities at any time.. TOWA/S WHERE COMPS/LVRA COA/C/NA/ATA WAS FOUA/D PARAS/T/C OA/ &ROWA/-TA/L /A/ /SOS. m '"ATOWAJS W Stock Photo")
RMRGWJNC–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 222 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. conditions, since the tussock moth is rare in the country in eastern Massachusetts, and while it was expected that Compsilura would eventually be recovered as a parasite of this host, it was hardly expected that it would become of importance as a parasite so soon as 1910, or, for that matter, that it would become of importance as a parasite in cities at any time.. TOWA/S WHERE COMPS/LVRA COA/C/NA/ATA WAS FOUA/D PARAS/T/C OA/ &ROWA/-TA/L /A/ /SOS. m '"ATOWAJS W
![. Embryology of insects and myriapods; the developmental history of insects, centipedes, and millepedes from egg desposition [!] to hatching. Embryology -- Insects; Embryology -- Myriapoda. emb A B Fig. 261.—Platygaster. Parasitic body. A, about two days old. 5, three days old. (emb) Embryonic region. i?iu. p) Paranuclear masses. region," later giving rise to the embryos. The remainder of the egg con- taining the polar nucleus constitutes the polar region. Between the first and second days the eggs, five to eight in number, deposited by the parasite in the host become somewhat dispersed t Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RF0991/embryology-of-insects-and-myriapods-the-developmental-history-of-insects-centipedes-and-millepedes-from-egg-desposition-!-to-hatching-embryology-insects-embryology-myriapoda-emb-a-b-fig-261platygaster-parasitic-body-a-about-two-days-old-5-three-days-old-emb-embryonic-region-iiu-p-paranuclear-masses-regionquot-later-giving-rise-to-the-embryos-the-remainder-of-the-egg-con-taining-the-polar-nucleus-constitutes-the-polar-region-between-the-first-and-second-days-the-eggs-five-to-eight-in-number-deposited-by-the-parasite-in-the-host-become-somewhat-dispersed-t-RF0991.jpg ". Embryology of insects and myriapods; the developmental history of insects, centipedes, and millepedes from egg desposition [!] to hatching. Embryology -- Insects; Embryology -- Myriapoda. emb A B Fig. 261.—Platygaster. Parasitic body. A, about two days old. 5, three days old. (emb) Embryonic region. i?iu. p) Paranuclear masses. region," later giving rise to the embryos. The remainder of the egg con- taining the polar nucleus constitutes the polar region. Between the first and second days the eggs, five to eight in number, deposited by the parasite in the host become somewhat dispersed t Stock Photo")
RMRF0991–. Embryology of insects and myriapods; the developmental history of insects, centipedes, and millepedes from egg desposition [!] to hatching. Embryology -- Insects; Embryology -- Myriapoda. emb A B Fig. 261.—Platygaster. Parasitic body. A, about two days old. 5, three days old. (emb) Embryonic region. i?iu. p) Paranuclear masses. region," later giving rise to the embryos. The remainder of the egg con- taining the polar nucleus constitutes the polar region. Between the first and second days the eggs, five to eight in number, deposited by the parasite in the host become somewhat dispersed t
RMRM8RMR–. Annual report - Western Society of Malacologists. Mollusks; Mollusks. Norrisia norrisi (Sowerby) is another trochid host of Chrysallida cincta. The parasite was found in place on the operculum of a dried specimen of Norrisia collected at Portuguese Bend, Palos Verdes Peninsula, Los Angeles County, California. Additional specimens were found dried in place on the opercula of Norrisia from three stations at Isla Cedros, Baja California Norte. Mexico. Although it was not observed living, the consistent placement of the dried Chrysallida on the opercula and the absence of other potential hosts e
RMRDAMK7–. Beginners' botany. Botany. taches itself to another plant, the dod- der dies away at the base and becomes wholly dependent. It produces flowers in clusters and seeds itself freely (Fig. 133). Parasites and Saprophytes. — A plant that is dependent on a living plant or animal is a parasite, and the plant or animal on which it lives is the host. The dodder is a true parasite; so are the rusts, mildews, and other fungi that attack leaves and shoots and injure them. The threads of a parasitic fungus usually creep through the intercellular spaces in the leaf or stem and send suckers (or haustoria)
![. Common Illinois insects : and why they are interesting. Insects -- Illinois. 21. Saddle-back {Sibine stimulea) destroyed by parasites. Millions of destructive caterpillars are victims of parasitic wasps whose larvae grow inside body and emerge to spin cocoons. (3x) Parasites differ from the preda- tors in that they enter the body of the victim, called the host, feeding on blood or tissues until full grown. By this time the host is dead or nearly so, and the parasite trans- forms to adult which mates and lays its Qgg on another victim. The long "sting" ou the body of the Long- taile Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/REFM6E/common-illinois-insects-and-why-they-are-interesting-insects-illinois-21-saddle-back-sibine-stimulea-destroyed-by-parasites-millions-of-destructive-caterpillars-are-victims-of-parasitic-wasps-whose-larvae-grow-inside-body-and-emerge-to-spin-cocoons-3x-parasites-differ-from-the-preda-tors-in-that-they-enter-the-body-of-the-victim-called-the-host-feeding-on-blood-or-tissues-until-full-grown-by-this-time-the-host-is-dead-or-nearly-so-and-the-parasite-trans-forms-to-adult-which-mates-and-lays-its-qgg-on-another-victim-the-long-quotstingquot-ou-the-body-of-the-long-taile-REFM6E.jpg ". Common Illinois insects : and why they are interesting. Insects -- Illinois. 21. Saddle-back {Sibine stimulea) destroyed by parasites. Millions of destructive caterpillars are victims of parasitic wasps whose larvae grow inside body and emerge to spin cocoons. (3x) Parasites differ from the preda- tors in that they enter the body of the victim, called the host, feeding on blood or tissues until full grown. By this time the host is dead or nearly so, and the parasite trans- forms to adult which mates and lays its Qgg on another victim. The long "sting" ou the body of the Long- taile Stock Photo")
RMREFM6E–. Common Illinois insects : and why they are interesting. Insects -- Illinois. 21. Saddle-back {Sibine stimulea) destroyed by parasites. Millions of destructive caterpillars are victims of parasitic wasps whose larvae grow inside body and emerge to spin cocoons. (3x) Parasites differ from the preda- tors in that they enter the body of the victim, called the host, feeding on blood or tissues until full grown. By this time the host is dead or nearly so, and the parasite trans- forms to adult which mates and lays its Qgg on another victim. The long "sting" ou the body of the Long- taile
RMRHJYPN–. The biology of marine animals. Marine animals; Physiology, Comparative. ASSOCIATIONS 607 Conclusions Probably the most striking aspect of parasitism is the trend towards morphological degeneration. In incipient parasitism, such as seen in the copepod Caligus, the parasite differs only slightly from independent forms.. Fig. 14.17. Developmental Stages in the Monstrillid Copepod Cymbasoma rigidum (= Haemocera danae) (a) Pelagic adult; (b) nauplius larva; (c) female parasite removed from its host; (d) parasite in position in its host (Salmacina dysteri). (Redrawn from Malaquin (65).) It is some
RMRD40RW–. Elementary entomology. Entomology. HYMENOPTERA 249 upon or within a larva or an egg, the larger forms laying but a single egg on a larva, while the smaller species may deposit a con- siderable number within a large caterpillar. The young larva at once enters the body of the host and feeds upon its blood, not interfering with the principal tis- sues and organs, so that the host goes on growing and furnishing food to the parasite. Finally, however, the parasite so depletes the vitality of the host that it dies, though often not until it has transformed to a pupa. The parasitic larva then spins
RMRHK6P0–. Biology and human life. Biology. HOW DISEASES ARE CAUSED 303 some cases certain of the substances thus excreted are poisonous to the host. In this way the host may be made seriously ill or even be killed by the poison. Diseases known to be of this kind in man number between thirty and forty, and it is possible that still other ailments may be due to such poisoning. The para- sites causing such disturbances may be plants (mostly bac- teria) or they may be animals (chiefly protozoa). Among the. Fig. 145. The effects of a plant parasite A healthy cotton plant and one attacked by xvilt, a diseas
![. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 57 though some weak points in the plant organization may be re- sponsible for the successful attack of the parasite, as has been experimentally proven within the last year. In other words, the most successful parasitic fungi are those which can stimulate the affected parts of host plants to extraordinary effort, or at least do not immediately injure those parts.. Fig. 26.—"Birds-nest" witches'-broom on red cedar caused by the birds-nest rust fungus (Gymnosporangium nidus-avis). The bush-like broom stands vertical o Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDE4NY/minnesota-plant-diseases-plant-diseases-minnesota-plant-diseases-57-though-some-weak-points-in-the-plant-organization-may-be-re-sponsible-for-the-successful-attack-of-the-parasite-as-has-been-experimentally-proven-within-the-last-year-in-other-words-the-most-successful-parasitic-fungi-are-those-which-can-stimulate-the-affected-parts-of-host-plants-to-extraordinary-effort-or-at-least-do-not-immediately-injure-those-parts-fig-26quotbirds-nestquot-witches-broom-on-red-cedar-caused-by-the-birds-nest-rust-fungus-gymnosporangium-nidus-avis-the-bush-like-broom-stands-vertical-o-RDE4NY.jpg ". Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 57 though some weak points in the plant organization may be re- sponsible for the successful attack of the parasite, as has been experimentally proven within the last year. In other words, the most successful parasitic fungi are those which can stimulate the affected parts of host plants to extraordinary effort, or at least do not immediately injure those parts.. Fig. 26.—"Birds-nest" witches'-broom on red cedar caused by the birds-nest rust fungus (Gymnosporangium nidus-avis). The bush-like broom stands vertical o Stock Photo")
RMRDE4NY–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 57 though some weak points in the plant organization may be re- sponsible for the successful attack of the parasite, as has been experimentally proven within the last year. In other words, the most successful parasitic fungi are those which can stimulate the affected parts of host plants to extraordinary effort, or at least do not immediately injure those parts.. Fig. 26.—"Birds-nest" witches'-broom on red cedar caused by the birds-nest rust fungus (Gymnosporangium nidus-avis). The bush-like broom stands vertical o
RMRHN6XR–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FIGURE 3. Photographs from a 16 mm motion picture record of the transfer by Peachia quinqnccapitata from one host to another, (a) Two medusae touching so that the parasitic anemone, attached to the medusa on the left, makes contact and adheres to the other medusa; (b) the parasite firmly attached to the two medusae; (c) the parasite just after completing the transfer. The previous host medusa is on the right and the new host is swimming away to the left; (d) a parasite holding a medusa with the tip of one tentacle. The body
RMRGWA8M–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 14 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. Thrips are in the ground all of tMs time, and for the most part within reach of the cultivator, but they mature and arrive on the trees in March and April, before spring cultivating is begun. NATURAL ENEMIES. The pear thrips is largely protected from ordinary preaaceous and parasitic insects, because it spends so long a time hidden away in the ground. A successfid parasite must in a way parallel the life of its host, and we have found no insect which thus follows the p
RMRGBHRN–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. Fig. 20.—Chdonus shoshoneanoruvi: Adult female. Much enlarged. (Original.) explains its comparative immunity from the secondary parasite Vihracliys houcheanus. The adult feeds quite often at the oviposition wounds of its host. The adults are very hardy and the female is long hved. One female lived from Jidy 19 to September 21, 1014, a period of 64 days, and in this time 291 adults were reared from this one specimen. When the. Fig. ZO.— Chdonous shoshoneanorum: Female ovipositini; in egg of tuber moth. Much enlarged. (Original.) mor
RMRDE21H–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 304 GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY Parts of trees, however, may be killed.* The larch mistletoe, Razou- mofskya Douglasii laricis, is one which lives on the western larch in Idaho and Oregon and in the open places interferes seriously with the development of some of the more valuable timber trees. The sixth series includes the climbing parasites, which are destitute. Fig. 121.—Sectional view, partly diagrammatic, of a branch infected with mistletoe, showing relation of parasite and host, u, br
RMRGC74P–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 20 BULLETIN 360, U. S. DEPAETMEXT OF AGEICULTUEE. extra food materials in the healing tissues at this point exercised a beneficial influence on the parasite. The actual nutritive relation between these parasites and their hosts is not at present well understood. The constant removal of all the needles of six lodgepole pines 8 to 12 years old on which large clumps of mistletoe were attached has not in the second jesiv of the experiment resulted in the death of either the host or parasite. The controls, viz, six young pi
RMRE1C60–. Poultry diseases and their treatment. Poultry. EXTERNAL PARASITES 45 The tearing off of the scabs favors the escape of the para- sites, which in warm weather may live in the filth, roosts, nests or other parts of the building for at least thirty days, and may in that time find their way upon other birds and infest them, causing in turn scaly legs on the new host. Thus birds become affected by being placed In infested quarters, or by having an infested bird placed in the same lot or enclosure as at poultry shows, should any of the birds there be infested. Symptoms.—This parasite attacks chick
RMREKXYD–. Civic biology; textbook of problems, local and national, that can be solved only by civic coöperation. Biology. Fig. 75. Imported parasite of the eiibbiige buttertly — Ap(i)itcks glomeratus Open eocooii, adult inseet, aTid mass of cocoons near parasitizetl larva. llij^ldy magnilied known how long it lives or how many generations occur in a year. The fact that it is holding tlu' l)nttcrtly in check in some localities would lead to the belief that it nuilti[)lies more rapidly than its host.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhan
RMRGBHT9–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. 40 BULLETIN 427, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. larva has boon parasitized it, docs not pupate, hut soon breaks down and becomes seniiliquid. The matin-o larva spins a Ught T)ut tough white cocoon witliin the cocoon of its host, thus being well protected. This apparentl3^. Fig. 20.—Chdonus shoshoneanoruvi: Adult female. Much enlarged. (Original.) explains its comparative immunity from the secondary parasite Vihracliys houcheanus. The adult feeds quite often at the oviposition wounds of its host. The adults are very hardy and the
RMRGWH9M–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 222 PARASITES OF GIPSY AND BROWN-TAIL MOTHS. conditions, since the tussock moth is rare in the country in eastern Massachusetts, and while it was expected that Compsilura would eventually be recovered as a parasite of this host, it was hardly expected that it would become of importance as a parasite so soon as 1910, or, for that matter, that it would become of importance as a parasite in cities at any time.. TOWA/S WHERE COMPS/Lt/RA COA/C/NA/ATA WAS FOUA/O PARAS/T/C OA/ &ROWA/-TA/L /A/ /$03 ^TZZAtowa/s WHERE
RMRDDAWN–. Farm friends and farm foes : a text-book of agricultural science . Agricultural pests; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. THE FOUR-WINGED PARASITES 177 illustrated on page 174. The egg develops within the body of the host into a white footless maggot that soon matures as a larva and changes to a pupa, which in turn shortly changes into an adult Pimpla. Many of the Ichneumon Flies deposit their eggs within the burrows of larvae that bore in the stems of herbaceous plants or the bark or trunks of shrubs and trees. In such cases, it evidently would be difficult for the mother parasite to find pr
![. Courses in forest pathology [microform]. Trees. eambium of the host, and the annual growth amounts to just sufficient tg keep from being engulfed by the growth of the host. 2. Host relationships. The species of conifers attacked and the corresponding parasite species are as follows; Abies sp R* douglasii abietinum Abies amabiiis!.'!!!'.'. R. occidentalis abietina Abies concolor (White fir) R. canpylopoda R, canpylopoda abietinum Abies grandis ( Grand fir) R, canpylopoda abietina Abies magnifica R. occidentalis abietina Abies nobilis Ri occidentalis abietina Larix occidentalis...(Western larc Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE5XJY/courses-in-forest-pathology-microform-trees-eambium-of-the-host-and-the-annual-growth-amounts-to-just-sufficient-tg-keep-from-being-engulfed-by-the-growth-of-the-host-2-host-relationships-the-species-of-conifers-attacked-and-the-corresponding-parasite-species-are-as-follows-abies-sp-r-douglasii-abietinum-abies-amabiiis!!!!-r-occidentalis-abietina-abies-concolor-white-fir-r-canpylopoda-r-canpylopoda-abietinum-abies-grandis-grand-fir-r-canpylopoda-abietina-abies-magnifica-r-occidentalis-abietina-abies-nobilis-ri-occidentalis-abietina-larix-occidentaliswestern-larc-RE5XJY.jpg ". Courses in forest pathology [microform]. Trees. eambium of the host, and the annual growth amounts to just sufficient tg keep from being engulfed by the growth of the host. 2. Host relationships. The species of conifers attacked and the corresponding parasite species are as follows; Abies sp R* douglasii abietinum Abies amabiiis!.'!!!'.'. R. occidentalis abietina Abies concolor (White fir) R. canpylopoda R, canpylopoda abietinum Abies grandis ( Grand fir) R, canpylopoda abietina Abies magnifica R. occidentalis abietina Abies nobilis Ri occidentalis abietina Larix occidentalis...(Western larc Stock Photo")
RMRE5XJY–. Courses in forest pathology [microform]. Trees. eambium of the host, and the annual growth amounts to just sufficient tg keep from being engulfed by the growth of the host. 2. Host relationships. The species of conifers attacked and the corresponding parasite species are as follows; Abies sp R* douglasii abietinum Abies amabiiis!.'!!!'.'. R. occidentalis abietina Abies concolor (White fir) R. canpylopoda R, canpylopoda abietinum Abies grandis ( Grand fir) R, canpylopoda abietina Abies magnifica R. occidentalis abietina Abies nobilis Ri occidentalis abietina Larix occidentalis...(Western larc
RMRE2FDB–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. 340 STRUCTURE AND LIFE HISTORIES of one flowering plant on another (Fig. 246). In some of these cases as, for example, the dodder (Cuscuta), the para- site may have completely lost the power of elaborating chlorophyll, and thus lack the function of photosynthesis;. Fig. 248.—Dodder {Cuscuta Sp.), in flower. Parasitic on a golden rod {Solidago ulmifolia). (Photo by Elsie M. Kittredge.) the parasitism is then complete (Figs. 247, 248 and 249). In other cases the parasite may retain its chlorophyll- apparatus, and hence be only partly dependent upon the host, as
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