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![. The British rust fungi (Uredinales), their biology and classification. Uredineae. 58 MELAMPSORA PINITORQUA point, combined with this lateral curvature, causes S-shaped distortions which have given rise to the name " Pine Branch Twist" for the disease (Fig. 35). It is suggested by Massee that the aecidiospores can repro- duce the ascidia and thus propagate the parasite on the Pine without reference to the alternate host, but no proof is given of this statement. The mycelium is almost certainly perennial in the affected branch, and thus fresh outbreaks arise year by year more or less Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH2Y00/the-british-rust-fungi-uredinales-their-biology-and-classification-uredineae-58-melampsora-pinitorqua-point-combined-with-this-lateral-curvature-causes-s-shaped-distortions-which-have-given-rise-to-the-name-quot-pine-branch-twistquot-for-the-disease-fig-35-it-is-suggested-by-massee-that-the-aecidiospores-can-repro-duce-the-ascidia-and-thus-propagate-the-parasite-on-the-pine-without-reference-to-the-alternate-host-but-no-proof-is-given-of-this-statement-the-mycelium-is-almost-certainly-perennial-in-the-affected-branch-and-thus-fresh-outbreaks-arise-year-by-year-more-or-less-RH2Y00.jpg ". The British rust fungi (Uredinales), their biology and classification. Uredineae. 58 MELAMPSORA PINITORQUA point, combined with this lateral curvature, causes S-shaped distortions which have given rise to the name " Pine Branch Twist" for the disease (Fig. 35). It is suggested by Massee that the aecidiospores can repro- duce the ascidia and thus propagate the parasite on the Pine without reference to the alternate host, but no proof is given of this statement. The mycelium is almost certainly perennial in the affected branch, and thus fresh outbreaks arise year by year more or less Stock Photo")
RMRH2Y00–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales), their biology and classification. Uredineae. 58 MELAMPSORA PINITORQUA point, combined with this lateral curvature, causes S-shaped distortions which have given rise to the name " Pine Branch Twist" for the disease (Fig. 35). It is suggested by Massee that the aecidiospores can repro- duce the ascidia and thus propagate the parasite on the Pine without reference to the alternate host, but no proof is given of this statement. The mycelium is almost certainly perennial in the affected branch, and thus fresh outbreaks arise year by year more or less
RMRE3H0R–. Bacteriology and the public health. Bacteriology; Public health. 378 THE ETIOLOGY OF TROPICAL DISEASES indeed, anything in which a little water can lodge. They are almost domestic animals. The palpi are short, the wings unspotted, the proboscis thin, the thorax large, and the larvse have breathing tubes. They prefer to lie in artificial collections of water. When at rest, for example on a wall, the body of Gulex is found parallel to the wall (see fig. 33). The rarer species, and that which has been proved to be the host of the malaria parasite, is the Anopheles. This differs in various essen
RMREFAJP–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria. Fungi -- Morphology; Bacteria -- Morphology. CHAPTER VII.—PHENOMENA OF VEGETATION.— PARASITES. 361. spores; they appear in nature rather as epiphytic growths on the walls of cavities in the bodies of animals which are easily accessible from without, such as the passages of the ear and the bronchi. In most cases the spore of the parasite begins the emission of a germ-tube independently of the host, either after simple absorption of water or by appropriation at the same time of food-material produced outside the host. If
RMRDCERY–. Comparative morphology and biology of the fungi, mycetozoa and bacteria . Plant morphology; Fungi; Myxomycetes; Bacteriology. CHAPTER VII.—PHENOMENA OF VEGETATION.—PARASITES. 361. spores; they appear in nature rather as epiphytic growths on the walls of cavities in the bodies of animals which are easily accessible from without, such as the passages of the ear and the bronchi. In most cases the spore of the parasite begins the emission of a germ-tube independently of the host, either after simple absorption of water or by appropriation at the same time of food-material produced outside the ho
RMRMB7JA–. Annual report. Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Scott V. Edwards Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zootogy Curator of Ornithology Prof. Edwards' research focuses on the evolutionary biology of birds and relatives, combining field, museum and genomics approaches to understand die basis of arian diversity, evolution and behavior. Current projects utilize technologies to examine genome evolution across the reptile-bird transition; phylogeography and speciation of Australian and North American birds; and the genomics of host- parasite co-evolution between hous
![. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. 342 STRUCTURE AND LIFE HISTORIES to grow as parasites on other plants (Fig. 250). The con- dition to success in such experiments is that the osmotic strength of the cell-sap of the host must be less than, or at least not greater than that of the parasite.. Fig. 250.—Cross-section of a branch of live oals, showing five stems of mistletoe, parasitic on the oak; the upper stem with foliage and fruit. Note the prominent "sinliers" of the parasite, some of them growing laterally for a short distance, close under the surface of the bark, and then radially, Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE2FD4/fundamentals-of-botany-botany-342-structure-and-life-histories-to-grow-as-parasites-on-other-plants-fig-250-the-con-dition-to-success-in-such-experiments-is-that-the-osmotic-strength-of-the-cell-sap-of-the-host-must-be-less-than-or-at-least-not-greater-than-that-of-the-parasite-fig-250cross-section-of-a-branch-of-live-oals-showing-five-stems-of-mistletoe-parasitic-on-the-oak-the-upper-stem-with-foliage-and-fruit-note-the-prominent-quotsinliersquot-of-the-parasite-some-of-them-growing-laterally-for-a-short-distance-close-under-the-surface-of-the-bark-and-then-radially-RE2FD4.jpg ". Fundamentals of botany. Botany. 342 STRUCTURE AND LIFE HISTORIES to grow as parasites on other plants (Fig. 250). The con- dition to success in such experiments is that the osmotic strength of the cell-sap of the host must be less than, or at least not greater than that of the parasite.. Fig. 250.—Cross-section of a branch of live oals, showing five stems of mistletoe, parasitic on the oak; the upper stem with foliage and fruit. Note the prominent "sinliers" of the parasite, some of them growing laterally for a short distance, close under the surface of the bark, and then radially, Stock Photo")
RMRE2FD4–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. 342 STRUCTURE AND LIFE HISTORIES to grow as parasites on other plants (Fig. 250). The con- dition to success in such experiments is that the osmotic strength of the cell-sap of the host must be less than, or at least not greater than that of the parasite.. Fig. 250.—Cross-section of a branch of live oals, showing five stems of mistletoe, parasitic on the oak; the upper stem with foliage and fruit. Note the prominent "sinliers" of the parasite, some of them growing laterally for a short distance, close under the surface of the bark, and then radially,
RMRDNEHX–. The natural history of plants, their forms, growth, reproduction, and distribution;. Botany. 202 BEOOM-EAPES, BALANOPHOEE^E, EAFFLESIACEjE. from them; but, in the one case the flowers belong to a foreign parasite living under the cortex and have broken through it, whereas in Mezereon it is the flowers of the plant itself that have unfolded. In the case of Pilostyles Hausslcnechtii, which is parasitic on the low bushy tragacanth shrubs of the Persian plateaus, the buds are formed regularly on both sides of the leaf-bases of the host, so that at the insertion of every one of the older foliage-
RMRMB7HG–. Annual report. Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology. Scott V. Edwards Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zootogy Curator of Ornithology Prof. Edwards' research focuses on the evolutionary biology of birds and relatives, combining field, museum and genomics approaches to understand die basis of arian diversity, evolution and behavior. Current projects utilize technologies to examine genome evolution across the reptile-bird transition; phylogeography and speciation of Australian and North American birds; and the genomics of host- parasite co-evolution between hous
RMRGBD77–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. LABCH MISTLETOE. positively phototropic. The possible influence of the low absolute humidity and rapid evaporation on the entrance of host, reproduc- tion, etc., is counteracted by the parasite by means of special struc- tures enabling it to withstand long periods of drought. Probably no factor of the region so greatly aids the destructive effects of the mistletoe on the larch as the high, strong winds so prevalent in these mountains. The velocity of the winds is sometimes very great. During 1913 hundreds of reserved y
RMRJNBH4–. Bacteriology and the public health. Bacteriology; Public health. 378 THE ETIOLOGY OF TROPICAL DISEASES indeed, anything in which a little water can lodge. They are almost domestic animals. The palpi are short, the wings unspotted, the proboscis thin, the thorax large, and the larvae have breathing tubes. They prefer to lie in artificial collections of water. When at rest, for example on a wall, the body of Gulex is found parallel to the wall (see fig. 33). The rarer species, and that which has been proved to be the host of the malaria parasite, is the Anopheles. This differs in various essen
RMRGWH79–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. Fig. 45.— Chalcis flavipes: Female. Hind femur and tibia, showing markings. Greatly enlarged. (From Crawford.) ment of pupae from Japan, but the exact localities from which these shipments came is not known. Both are, or appear to be, invariably solitary, notwithstanding that there is an ample food supply in one pupa for several individuals. Invariably there is an abundance of unconsumed matter in the host pupa, and on this account the parasite has rarely been successfully reared from any of the imported pupae ex
RMRDEX93–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Chapter XV. Fungicides and Spraying Apparatus. Fungicides. By fungicides are understood those svibstances which are capable of destroying or prohibiting the growth of the spores or mycehum of fungi. Chemical solutions have proved of great value when sprayed upon diseased plants. Such a spray must not only not injure the plant, but must at the same time destroy or hold in check the parasite. It becomes evident, therefore, that such sprays are of greatest benefit in combating fungus parasites which live on the surface of the host plant, i. e., the epi-
RMRDYXN1–. Goldfish breeds and other aquarium fishes, their care and propagation; a guide to freshwater and marine aquaria, their fauna, flora and management. Aquariums; Goldfish. AILMENTS AND DISEASES. FIG. 96 Trichoditia pediculus a Hirudinld parasite. Greatly enlarged. its host; and produces tiny red external, gill and throat ulcers into which it is pitted like a cancer. When present in numbers it is a dangerous parasite and has been found on fishes afflicted with what is popularly known as Twitters. It has a nearly circular ciliated body and on its lower side a suctoral disc. Arachnia or Arachnid P
RMRHK2W0–. The biology of the protozoa. Protozoa; Protozoa. 202 BIOLOGY OF THE PROTOZOA sites suggest the peculiar relation which Shibata (1902) has described in the intracellular mycorhiza, where a mycelium thread is grown straight toward the nourishing cell nucleus of the host, causing marked hypertrophy on the part of the cell. In Caryotropha, the nucleus of the host cell is pushed to one side and the parasite assumes such a form that the nucleus lies in a small bay (Fig. 103, 2n). In the cytoplasm of the cell an intranuclear canal is then formed which runs from the host nucleus to the nucleus of th
![. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. 6 BULLETIN 317, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. development of the larch, but decidedly favorable to the mistletoe found upon it. This is at once evident to those familiar with the environmental requirements of host and parasite. The region affords a most instructive study of the advance and predominance of a forest- tree parasite on its host, showing this advance to be in as near an exact proportion as the conditions for its optimum development become more favorable. The problem of Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RG901R/bulletins-on-forest-pathology-from-bulletin-usda-washington-dc-1913-1925-trees-plant-diseases-6-bulletin-317-u-s-department-of-agriculture-development-of-the-larch-but-decidedly-favorable-to-the-mistletoe-found-upon-it-this-is-at-once-evident-to-those-familiar-with-the-environmental-requirements-of-host-and-parasite-the-region-affords-a-most-instructive-study-of-the-advance-and-predominance-of-a-forest-tree-parasite-on-its-host-showing-this-advance-to-be-in-as-near-an-exact-proportion-as-the-conditions-for-its-optimum-development-become-more-favorable-the-problem-of-RG901R.jpg ". [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. 6 BULLETIN 317, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. development of the larch, but decidedly favorable to the mistletoe found upon it. This is at once evident to those familiar with the environmental requirements of host and parasite. The region affords a most instructive study of the advance and predominance of a forest- tree parasite on its host, showing this advance to be in as near an exact proportion as the conditions for its optimum development become more favorable. The problem of Stock Photo")
RMRG901R–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. 6 BULLETIN 317, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. development of the larch, but decidedly favorable to the mistletoe found upon it. This is at once evident to those familiar with the environmental requirements of host and parasite. The region affords a most instructive study of the advance and predominance of a forest- tree parasite on its host, showing this advance to be in as near an exact proportion as the conditions for its optimum development become more favorable. The problem of
RMREGHNF–. Commercial mass culture of the California red scale parasite : Aphytis lignanensis. Citrus; Scale insects. laboratory in the control of a pest-para- site population in the oleander-scale culture during an eradication program. The immediate and residual effects of pyrethrum on oleander scale. Aspidioti- phagus sp. (the contaminant), and on the host plant (banana squash) have been investigated. The pyrethrum source was a commercial aerosol bomb which util- ized soybean oil as the carrier and freon as the propellant. Dosage was measured in the number of seconds during which the aerosol was perm
![. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. 58 MELAMPSORA PINITORQUA point, combined with this lateral curvature, causes S-shaped distortions which have given rise to the name " Pine Branch Twist" for the disease (Fig. 35). It is suggested by Massee that the secidiospores can repro- duce the sec.idia and thus propagate the parasite on the Pine without reference to the alternate host, but no proof is given of this statement. The mycelium is almost certainly perennial in the affected branch, and thus fresh outbreaks arise year by year more or les Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE388J/the-british-rust-fungi-uredinales-their-biology-and-classification-rust-fungi-58-melampsora-pinitorqua-point-combined-with-this-lateral-curvature-causes-s-shaped-distortions-which-have-given-rise-to-the-name-quot-pine-branch-twistquot-for-the-disease-fig-35-it-is-suggested-by-massee-that-the-secidiospores-can-repro-duce-the-secidia-and-thus-propagate-the-parasite-on-the-pine-without-reference-to-the-alternate-host-but-no-proof-is-given-of-this-statement-the-mycelium-is-almost-certainly-perennial-in-the-affected-branch-and-thus-fresh-outbreaks-arise-year-by-year-more-or-les-RE388J.jpg ". The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. 58 MELAMPSORA PINITORQUA point, combined with this lateral curvature, causes S-shaped distortions which have given rise to the name " Pine Branch Twist" for the disease (Fig. 35). It is suggested by Massee that the secidiospores can repro- duce the sec.idia and thus propagate the parasite on the Pine without reference to the alternate host, but no proof is given of this statement. The mycelium is almost certainly perennial in the affected branch, and thus fresh outbreaks arise year by year more or les Stock Photo")
RMRE388J–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. 58 MELAMPSORA PINITORQUA point, combined with this lateral curvature, causes S-shaped distortions which have given rise to the name " Pine Branch Twist" for the disease (Fig. 35). It is suggested by Massee that the secidiospores can repro- duce the sec.idia and thus propagate the parasite on the Pine without reference to the alternate host, but no proof is given of this statement. The mycelium is almost certainly perennial in the affected branch, and thus fresh outbreaks arise year by year more or les
![. Common Illinois insects : and why they are interesting. Insects -- Illinois. Saddle-back {Sibine stimulea) destroyed by parasites. Millions of destructive caterpillars are victims of parasitic wasps whose larvae grow inside body and emerge to spin cocoons. (3x) Parasites differ from the preda- tors in that they enter the body of the victim, called the host, feeding on blood or tissues until full grown. By this time the host is dead or nearly so, and the parasite trans- forms to adult which mates and lays its Qgg on another victim. The long "sting" ou the body of the Long- tailed Me Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/REFM66/common-illinois-insects-and-why-they-are-interesting-insects-illinois-saddle-back-sibine-stimulea-destroyed-by-parasites-millions-of-destructive-caterpillars-are-victims-of-parasitic-wasps-whose-larvae-grow-inside-body-and-emerge-to-spin-cocoons-3x-parasites-differ-from-the-preda-tors-in-that-they-enter-the-body-of-the-victim-called-the-host-feeding-on-blood-or-tissues-until-full-grown-by-this-time-the-host-is-dead-or-nearly-so-and-the-parasite-trans-forms-to-adult-which-mates-and-lays-its-qgg-on-another-victim-the-long-quotstingquot-ou-the-body-of-the-long-tailed-me-REFM66.jpg ". Common Illinois insects : and why they are interesting. Insects -- Illinois. Saddle-back {Sibine stimulea) destroyed by parasites. Millions of destructive caterpillars are victims of parasitic wasps whose larvae grow inside body and emerge to spin cocoons. (3x) Parasites differ from the preda- tors in that they enter the body of the victim, called the host, feeding on blood or tissues until full grown. By this time the host is dead or nearly so, and the parasite trans- forms to adult which mates and lays its Qgg on another victim. The long "sting" ou the body of the Long- tailed Me Stock Photo")
RMREFM66–. Common Illinois insects : and why they are interesting. Insects -- Illinois. Saddle-back {Sibine stimulea) destroyed by parasites. Millions of destructive caterpillars are victims of parasitic wasps whose larvae grow inside body and emerge to spin cocoons. (3x) Parasites differ from the preda- tors in that they enter the body of the victim, called the host, feeding on blood or tissues until full grown. By this time the host is dead or nearly so, and the parasite trans- forms to adult which mates and lays its Qgg on another victim. The long "sting" ou the body of the Long- tailed Me
RMRGWK4G–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. PARASITES OF GIPSY-MOTH CATERPILLARS. 189. Fig. 28.—Apanteles solitarius: Adult female and cocoon, larged. (Original.) En- On the other hand, studies with the parasites of native insects have revealed the existence of what may be called accidental or incidental parasites. These may be important parasites of one insect and of no importance whatever in connection with another, nearly allied. Sometimes this is due to the fact that the one species of host may excite in the mother parasite the desire to oviposit, whic
RMRGW44E–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. PARASITES OF GIPSY-MOTH CATERPILLARS. 189. Fig. 28.—Apanteles solitarius: Adult female and cocoon, larged. (Original.) En- On the other hand, studies with the parasites of native insects have revealed the existence of what may be called accidental or incidental parasites. These may be important parasites of one insect and of no importance whatever in connection with another, nearly allied. Sometimes this is due to the fact that the one species of host may excite in the mother parasite the desire to oviposit, whic
![. Botany for high schools. Botany. CHAPTER XV. NUTRITION OF PARASITES AND SAPROPHYTES. 207. A parasite is an organism, plant or animal, which lives on or in another living organism at its expense, deriving all or a part of its nourishment from it. The plant or animal on which the parasite lives is called the ^' host." The parasite derives a part or all of its food from its host, usually inflicting more or less injury upon the host or even causing its death. Parasitic plants are represented in nearly all the great branches of the plant king- dom. There are some among the flower- ing plants Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RH94ND/botany-for-high-schools-botany-chapter-xv-nutrition-of-parasites-and-saprophytes-207-a-parasite-is-an-organism-plant-or-animal-which-lives-on-or-in-another-living-organism-at-its-expense-deriving-all-or-a-part-of-its-nourishment-from-it-the-plant-or-animal-on-which-the-parasite-lives-is-called-the-hostquot-the-parasite-derives-a-part-or-all-of-its-food-from-its-host-usually-inflicting-more-or-less-injury-upon-the-host-or-even-causing-its-death-parasitic-plants-are-represented-in-nearly-all-the-great-branches-of-the-plant-king-dom-there-are-some-among-the-flower-ing-plants-RH94ND.jpg ". Botany for high schools. Botany. CHAPTER XV. NUTRITION OF PARASITES AND SAPROPHYTES. 207. A parasite is an organism, plant or animal, which lives on or in another living organism at its expense, deriving all or a part of its nourishment from it. The plant or animal on which the parasite lives is called the ^' host." The parasite derives a part or all of its food from its host, usually inflicting more or less injury upon the host or even causing its death. Parasitic plants are represented in nearly all the great branches of the plant king- dom. There are some among the flower- ing plants Stock Photo")
RMRH94ND–. Botany for high schools. Botany. CHAPTER XV. NUTRITION OF PARASITES AND SAPROPHYTES. 207. A parasite is an organism, plant or animal, which lives on or in another living organism at its expense, deriving all or a part of its nourishment from it. The plant or animal on which the parasite lives is called the ^' host." The parasite derives a part or all of its food from its host, usually inflicting more or less injury upon the host or even causing its death. Parasitic plants are represented in nearly all the great branches of the plant king- dom. There are some among the flower- ing plants
RMRDYXMX–. Goldfish breeds and other aquarium fishes, their care and propagation; a guide to freshwater and marine aquaria, their fauna, flora and management. Aquariums; Goldfish. FIG. 96 Trichoditia pediculus a Hirudinld parasite. Greatly enlarged. its host; and produces tiny red external, gill and throat ulcers into which it is pitted like a cancer. When present in numbers it is a dangerous parasite and has been found on fishes afflicted with what is popularly known as Twitters. It has a nearly circular ciliated body and on its lower side a suctoral disc. Arachnia or Arachnid Parasites. This group in
![. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. LARCH MISTLETOE. 9 The infected wood of the branch, either at its base or other por- tions, where not too greatly enlarged by the stimulating effects of the parasite, requires a much smaller force to break it at the point of infection than is the case in normal branches of like age and thick- ness. The penetration and embedding of the vertical root system of the parasite in the wood of the host add nothing to the strength of the infected tissue, but diminish its normal strength when Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RG900Y/bulletins-on-forest-pathology-from-bulletin-usda-washington-dc-1913-1925-trees-plant-diseases-larch-mistletoe-9-the-infected-wood-of-the-branch-either-at-its-base-or-other-por-tions-where-not-too-greatly-enlarged-by-the-stimulating-effects-of-the-parasite-requires-a-much-smaller-force-to-break-it-at-the-point-of-infection-than-is-the-case-in-normal-branches-of-like-age-and-thick-ness-the-penetration-and-embedding-of-the-vertical-root-system-of-the-parasite-in-the-wood-of-the-host-add-nothing-to-the-strength-of-the-infected-tissue-but-diminish-its-normal-strength-when-RG900Y.jpg ". [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. LARCH MISTLETOE. 9 The infected wood of the branch, either at its base or other por- tions, where not too greatly enlarged by the stimulating effects of the parasite, requires a much smaller force to break it at the point of infection than is the case in normal branches of like age and thick- ness. The penetration and embedding of the vertical root system of the parasite in the wood of the host add nothing to the strength of the infected tissue, but diminish its normal strength when Stock Photo")
RMRG900Y–. [Bulletins on forest pathology : from Bulletin U.S.D.A., Washington, D.C., 1913-1925]. Trees; Plant diseases. LARCH MISTLETOE. 9 The infected wood of the branch, either at its base or other por- tions, where not too greatly enlarged by the stimulating effects of the parasite, requires a much smaller force to break it at the point of infection than is the case in normal branches of like age and thick- ness. The penetration and embedding of the vertical root system of the parasite in the wood of the host add nothing to the strength of the infected tissue, but diminish its normal strength when
RMRGTHFA–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 14 DECIDITOTJS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. Thi'ips are in the ground all of this time, and for the most part within reach of the cultivator, but they mature and arrive on the trees in March and April, before spring cultivating is begun. NATURAL ENEMIES. The pear thrips is largely protected from ordinary preaaceous and parasitic insects, because it spends so long a time hidden away in the ground. A successfid parasite must in a way parallel the life of its host, and we have found no insect which thus follows t
RMRHWKCA–. Foundations of Botany. Botany. EOOTS 39 it may readily be transferred to moderately damp soil, and that the whole plant presents curious modifications when made to grow in earth instead of water. 51. Parasitic Roots.1 — The dodder, the mistletoe, and a good many other parasites, live upon nourishment which they steal from other plants, called hosts. The parasitic. Fig. 15. — Aerial Adventitious Roots of the Ivy. roots, or haustoria, form the most intimate connections with the interior portions of the stem or the root, as the case may be, of the host-plant on which the parasite fastens itself
RMRG3145–. The Canadian entomologist. Insects; Entomology. 240 THE CANADIAN ENTOMOLOGIST.. and the nymphs in a pill-box, all on moist sand. On May 4th, when examined, the nymphs appeared unusually swollen, so that parasitism was suspected, and they were immediately isolated in small tubes with absorbent cotton stoppers. The posterior portion of the body of the host soon became translucent, indi- cating that parasite larvae were at that end of the body. The first adult parasites appeared May 22, and 51 specimens issued from five ticks on the 22nd and 23rd. The full life-history of the parasite is not kn
RMRMABC8–. Annual report. Entomological Society of Ontario; Insect pests; Insects. 74 THE REPORT OF THE Egg Parasitism Egg parasitism was not noted prior to 1928 and the only species re- covered this season was the cosmopolitan chalcid, Trichogramma minutum Riley. Ascogaster carpocapsae Viereck, which was present in small num- bers can scarcely be considered an egg parasite since its oviposition in the egg of the host does not prevent hatching and development of the par- asite takes place in the host larvae. The occurrence of Trichogramma was first brought to our attention on July 3 when an adult was n
RMRDTRPH–. Introduction to botany. Botany. Roots. 41. has no green leaves, as in the case of dodder (see Fig. 15), it must depend upon its host for all kinds of food mare- rials, — for the starches, sugars, oils, and proteids manufac- tured by its host. It is, in other words, a complete parasite. But if, as in the case of the mistletoe, it has green leaves of its own, it is entirely dependent on its host for the water and dis- solved soil materials only, and is then but partly parasitic. 31. Roots of Air Plants. — The aerial roots of some tropical orchids and of other aerial plants (see Fig. 16) do not
RMRE379C–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi. ON THESIUM 229 ^cidia on Geranium pusillum, and possibly also on G. iriolle, G. rotundifolium; uredo- and teleutospores on Polygonum Con- volvulus, August and September. Uncommon. (Fig. 176.) The connection of the Eeoidium on the first-named host and the Puccinia on Pol. Convolvulus has been experimentally demonstrated by Tranzschel. It is possible that the same parasite also attacks P. dume- torum, P. Persioaria and others. The secidium is not known for certain to have occurred in Britain. The teleuto-sori of
RMRDHJ21–. Foundations of botany. Botany; Botany. BOOTS 39 it may readily be transferred to moderately damp soil, and that the whole plant presents curious modifications when made to grow in earth instead of water. 51. Parasitic Roots.' — The dodder, the mistletoe, and a good many other parasites, live upon nourishment which they steal from other plants, called hosts. The parasitic. Fig. 15. — Aerial Adyentitlous Roots of the Ivy. roots, or haustoria, form the most intimate connections with the interior portions of the stem or the root, as the case may be, of the host-plant on which the parasite fasten
RMRH1H6A–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales), their biology and classification. Uredineae. ON THESIUM 229 iEcidia on Geranium pusillum, and possibly also on G. molle, G. rotundifolium; uredo- and teleutospores on Polygonum Con- volvulus, August and September. Uncommon. (Fig. 17().) The connection of the jecidium on tlie tirst-named host and the Puccinia on Pol. Convolvulus has been experimentally demonstrated by Tranzschel. It is possible that the same parasite also attacks P. dume- torum, P. Persicaria and others. The secidium is not known for certain to have occurred in Britain. The teleuto-sori of
RMRGBRTM–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 30 DEPARTME:CirT BULLETIN- 779. Telenomus ashmeadi in the natural control of C. sayi. Frequently death does not occur until several hours, or even days, after the parasite has left the body of its host, the host meanwhile remaining inactive. Although eggs are deposited on the nymphs, no instances were ob- served in which the larvae of G. fuliginosa completed their develop- ment and issued before the host reached its adult stage. The seasonal history of G. fuliginosa corresponds very closely with that of C. sayi and the
RMRH13GD–. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. R Detmers, del. Fig. 4. Life stages of a Pimpla Parasite. (By the courtesy of the Ohio Exper- iment Station.) the stems of the evening primrose^ in which case the parasitic grub feeds externally on its host as shown at e. The most abundant species of Pimpla^''- however, as a parasite of the tent caterpillar lives inside the host, which generally is not killed until after it has spun its cocoon. In addition to the very general attack of the common tent caterpillar, there have been in many parts of the state more dangerous outbreaks of the Forest Tent Ca
RMREFKHA–. Common diseases of farm animals. Veterinary medicine. 320 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vaccination of the exposed or susceptible animals should be practised. On farms where the disease exists it may be neces- sary to vaccinate the young animals (less than two years of age) once or twice every year in order to prevent the disease. Medic- inal treatment is unsatisfactory. Texas or Tick Fever.—Tick fever is an infectious disease of cattle. It is caused by an animal organism that is present in the blood, and is conveyed from the animal that is host for the tick fever parasite to the non-infected animal b
RMRM8GCT–. Annual report of the Commissioner of Agriculture ... Agriculture -- New York (State). Diseases of Alfalfa and Clover -VJ DODDER The dodders, Cuscuta sp., are parasitic flowering plants which attack a great niunber of hosts. In clover and alfalfa fields, dodder may become very destructive, killing in ever-widening circles. In the center of the infested areas the host plants will be entirely killed, while about the margin of these dead areas will be seen the dense mat of orange or yellowish stems. The parasite consists of slender, yellowish or orange-colored, much-branched stems, on which are
RMRGWM63–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. VINEYARD CONDITIONS IN LAKE ERIE VALLEY. 57 emerged. The host had been confined indoors during the winter, thus bringing out the hymenopterous parasite on February 2. It is probable that the root-worm eggs were first parasitized by the dip- terous insect and that later the eggs along the margin of the cluster were parasitized a second time by Lath- romeris fidix. The dipterous and the hymenopterous insects are undoubtedly both primary parasites.^. VINEYARD CONDITIONS IN THE LAKE ERIE VALLEY. Fig. 27.—Lathromeris
RMRDYH4T–. An introduction to vegetable physiology. Plant physiology. 388 -VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY. wall or other support to which it is clinging. The roots of Thesium show a similar property. When they come into contact with other roots growing near them they develop a swelling at the point 13 of contact, from which certain cells grow out and penetrate the host, forming haust- oria (fig. 157). The parasite Guscuta, often found growing on clover, is affected in the same way, first twining round the clover stem and then putting out haustoria, which penetrate its tissues (fig. 158). Another form of irritabi
RMREFKBM–. Common diseases of farm animals. Veterinary medicine. 320 INFECTIOUS DISEASES Vaccinatio7i of the exposed or susceptible animals should be practised. On farms where the disease exists it may be neces- sary to vaccinate the young animals (less than two years of age) once or twice every year in order to prevent the disease. Medic- inal treatment is unsatisfactory. Texas or Tick Fever.—Tick fever is an infectious disease of cattle. It is caused by an animal organism that is present in the blood, and is conveyed from the animal that is host for the tick fever parasite to the non-infected animal
RMRHK822–. The biology of flowering plants. Phanerogams; Plant physiology; Plant ecology; Plant Physiology. OTHER LORANTHACE.E 227 which suckers penetrate shoots of the host or even other branches of the parasite itself. On reaching the wood these suckers splay out to form an absorbing disc in contact with the wood, and this in its turn sends absorptive filaments into the medullary rays. Finally, some twining species of Struthanthus produce suckers directly from the stem. The securing of the seed to the host by a viscid layer of the fruit wall is universal in the family. Keeble (1895) states that the f
RMRH1H77–. The British rust fungi (Uredinales) their biology and classification. Rust fungi -- Great Britain. ON THESIUM 229 /Ecidia on Geranium pusillum, and possibly also on G. molle, G. rot a ml! folium; uredo- and teleutospores on Polygonum Con- volvulus, August and September. Uncommon. (Fig. 176.) The connection of the secidium on the first-named host and the Puccinia on Pol. Convolvulus has been experimentally demonstrated by Tranzschel. It is possible that the same parasite also attacks P. dume- toruin, P. Persicaria and others. The recidium is not known for certain to have occurred in Britain.
RMRFPAJB–. Cassell's natural history. Animals; Animal behavior. THE ICUXEUMOXS. coutouts of its body. In some cases the lelmeiimon larva makes its way witliiu tli(> body of its host, uiul becomes an internal parasite ; in others it remains permanently on the outside, its hinder extremity being always enclosed between the valves of the egg-shell, and then, its body being very translucent, the transfer of the substance of the host to the parasite may be observed going on very actively. In the genus Emiiia and its allies we find ji very curious arrangement. The abdomen, instead of springing from the ba
RMRH1MHE–. British fungi. Fungi -- Great Britain; Botany -- Great Britain; Lichens. DISEASES CAUSED BY FUNGI 55 during the winter on tlie dead, fallen leaves, and the fungus thus continues its annual cycle of development. In this instance the course of the fungus can be arrested by clearing away and burning all fallen infected leaves before the spores are liberated and dispersed by wind, animals, insects, etc., in the spring. Going to the other extreme, where the parasite has evolved the method of living along with its host-plant witliout causing injury, but, on the other hand, actually enabling the ho
RMRDHCHK–. Botany for academies and colleges: consisting of plant development and structure from seaweed to clematis. Botany; 1889. MONOPETAL^. 59 in diameter), and the rootlets it sends down into the host on which it lives; for the Kafflesia is a parasite. It is usually found on the sur- face-roots of a species of Cissus. The flower has a 5-parted perianth with numerous bracts below it; in the centre is a deep cup, or corona, which will hold 12 pints of water. The flowers are dioecious; their smell, like that of tainted beef, attracts flies, which aid in the work of fertilization. The Aristolochia (Pi
RMRH53TA–. Brigham Young University science bulletin. Biology -- Periodicals. Key for tiiic Identification of Species of Deniuiccntor Femalf.s In each couplet where the species is listed, refer to geographic distribution information and host parasite relationships described in the key of identification for the males of Dcruuiccntor. 1. Opposing margins of spurs on co.xa I parallel 2 Opposing margins of spurs on coxa I divergent 6. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations
RMRHP6PW–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. PRELIMINARY NOTE ON NEW PROTOZOAN PARASITE. 40! the animal presents a smooth creamy-white appearance, or very rarely, a light brownish tinge. The latter color, however, is probably due to a staining action on the parasite of some sub- stance from the host. The large unattached end of the animal is bluntly rounded. At a greater or less distance from this end the body branches into two rami each of which is narrower than the main trunk (Fig. i). Each of the two primary rami branch again to form two smaller secondary rami. This
RMRGWE7F–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 26 o})servati()n it is cvidciit tiiat the o-s (or iiiaj^-gots) of the parasite wcro placed upon the host (this grasshopper) previous to the third molt, and that the larval life of the parasite is at least as long as from May i^»j to August 28, or a period of nin(>ty-tive days. It is astonish- ing that all of the natural funetions of grasshoppers went on during this remarkal)le period of parasitic attack. Just to what extent the parasitic flies lessened the number of grasshoppers it is difficult to say owing t
RMRH5310–. Brigham Young University science bulletin. Biology -- Periodicals. Spur on coxal plate I sub-acute. Spurs on coxae II and III postmarginal. Mar- gins of cervical grooves divergent. Best observed on unmounted specimens. Pos- terior margin of scutum slightly curved D. hunted (See figure 20) Little known about the host-parasite relation- ships in the larval stage for this species of tick.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the ori
RMRDJFX1–. Fungous diseases of plants : with chapters on physiology, culture methods and technique . Fungi in agriculture. PHYCOMYCETES 137 upon plants growing in moist situations. A motile spore, zoo- spore, comes to rest upon an epidermal cell, and penetration doubtless results after a minute perforation is made, by the streaming through of the protoplasmic body. There are no evi- dences of a mycelium. The presence of the parasite in the epidermal cell may in time cause a minute gall-like abnormality of the host. The small galls are sometimes so numerous as to give the host the appearance of being af
![. Courses in forest pathology [microform]. Trees. -116* |S usually indicated by the presence of the parasite itself. On the Douglas fir they are probably of less frequent occurrence Ua^n on any other host. But in heavily infected trees large burls in- volving the circumference of the entire tree are often formed, though they are not at all conspicuous. Just as often a series of more or less isolated vurls will form along the trunk, each re- presenting the seat of an original infection. The final result of these burls is to cut off, or s,t least seriously intere with the transporting functions Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RE5XJT/courses-in-forest-pathology-microform-trees-116-s-usually-indicated-by-the-presence-of-the-parasite-itself-on-the-douglas-fir-they-are-probably-of-less-frequent-occurrence-uan-on-any-other-host-but-in-heavily-infected-trees-large-burls-in-volving-the-circumference-of-the-entire-tree-are-often-formed-though-they-are-not-at-all-conspicuous-just-as-often-a-series-of-more-or-less-isolated-vurls-will-form-along-the-trunk-each-re-presenting-the-seat-of-an-original-infection-the-final-result-of-these-burls-is-to-cut-off-or-st-least-seriously-intere-with-the-transporting-functions-RE5XJT.jpg ". Courses in forest pathology [microform]. Trees. -116* |S usually indicated by the presence of the parasite itself. On the Douglas fir they are probably of less frequent occurrence Ua^n on any other host. But in heavily infected trees large burls in- volving the circumference of the entire tree are often formed, though they are not at all conspicuous. Just as often a series of more or less isolated vurls will form along the trunk, each re- presenting the seat of an original infection. The final result of these burls is to cut off, or s,t least seriously intere with the transporting functions Stock Photo")
RMRE5XJT–. Courses in forest pathology [microform]. Trees. -116* |S usually indicated by the presence of the parasite itself. On the Douglas fir they are probably of less frequent occurrence Ua^n on any other host. But in heavily infected trees large burls in- volving the circumference of the entire tree are often formed, though they are not at all conspicuous. Just as often a series of more or less isolated vurls will form along the trunk, each re- presenting the seat of an original infection. The final result of these burls is to cut off, or s,t least seriously intere with the transporting functions
RMRE0KE4–. Elementary plant physiology. Plant physiology. Fig. 68.—Cuscuta attached to stem and leaves of an aster. After Johnson. converted into starch in leaves in which the stomata are closed ? gg. Nutritive relations of a parasite.—Secure some living specimens of Cuscuta, or dodder, to he found as yellow cord-like stems, at- tached to Impatiens and other plants on the margins of swamps and in meadows in late summer. Examine fresh material, and place remainder in formalin or alcohol. Note manner in which the dodder is attached to the host plant. Cut thin sections through the organs of attachment and
RMRGW9KD–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 14 DECTDrOUR FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. Thrips are in the njroiind all of this time, and for the most part within reach of the cultivator, but they mature and arrive on the tr(Hs in March and April, before spring cultivating is begun. NATURAL ENEMIES. The pear tlmps is largeh' protected fi-om ordinary preaaceous and parasitic insects, because it spends so long a time hidden away in the ground. A successful parasite must in a way parallel the life of its host, and we have found no insect which thus follows t
RMRH29J8–. British plants : their biology and ecology. Plants; Plant ecology. 128 BRITISH PLANTS to one definite species of host, and are never found on any other. Others are not so particular. The drain upon the host is generally so great that it prematurely perishes ; fields of clover are sometimes ruined by the parasite. (3) Cuscuta—dodder; one native species, C. europcea, but several aliens ; N.O. Convolvulaceae (Fig. 42). The life-history of this climbing parasite is very interesting. The seed germinates on the ground, thrusting out a short anchoring root. Then a long attenuated filament grows out
RMRH13GW–. Bulletin. Agriculture -- New Hampshire. 142 NEW HAMPSHIRE COLLEGE officers of that station. The egg is shown at a ; the hxrva at 6; the pupa at c; and the adult at d. These figures were made from the parasite as it preys upon the larva of a borer in. R Detmers, del. Fig. 4. Life stages of a Pimpla Parasite. (By the courtesy of the Ohio Exper- iment Station.) the stems of the evening primrose^ in which case the parasitic grub feeds externally on its host as shown at e. The most abundant species of Pimpla^''- however, as a parasite of the tent caterpillar lives inside the host, which generally
RMRHP0AB–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. 278 EDWARD G. REINHARD MATERIALS EXAMINED Thirty parasitized crabs of the species C. sapidns were used in this study, with both sexes almost equally represented. The parasite is found attached to the underside of the abdomen of the host (Fig. 1), with the stalk of attachment fastened to the midline of the fourth or fifth abdominal segment, rarely on the third. As a rule, one parasite occurs on a single host, but instances of multiple infestation are not uncommon. Of 30 infested Callinectes, 18 bore one parasite, 7 had 2 para
RMRGCJ4G–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. THE IMPORTED PINE SAWFLY. 7. Fig. 5.—Diprion simile: Cocoons, a, Occupied by female,unopened; b, occupied by male, unopened; c, after emergence of female; d, male cocoon, showing emergence hole of a chalcid parasite; e, fe- male cocoon, showing emergence hole of a dipterous parasite. LIFE HISTORY AND SEASONAL HISTORY. The experiments to obtain data on the life history and seasonal history of Diprion simile were distinct from those pertaining to the; choice of host plant and also from those pertaining to the ability of
RMRHJYR9–. Biology and man. Biology; Human beings. â 1 i H 1 WiiW B. Alier (Jruenljera. 'J'lie iiluii/ ut Evulution AN INFANT'S RESEMBLANCE TO ITS ANCESTORS The almost shapeless Sacculina (C) growing as a parasite on the abdomen of the crab (D) has nothing in its structure or behavior to suggest a relationship to its host. Yet in its early development (A, B) it seems destined to become an unmistakable crus- tacean. Without a study of its life history we should never have guessed that host and parasite are of the same class of animals Darwin pointed out that similar regions which are occupied by differ
RMRDAMK9–. Beginners' botany. Botany. DEPENDENT PLANTS 107. taches itself to another plant, the dod- der dies away at the base and becomes wholly dependent. It produces flowers in clusters and seeds itself freely (Fig. 133). Parasites and Saprophytes. — A plant that is dependent on a living plant or animal is a parasite, and the plant or animal on which it lives is the host. The dodder is a true parasite; so are the rusts, mildews, and other fungi that attack leaves and shoots and injure them. The threads of a parasitic fungus usually creep through the intercellular spaces in the leaf or stem and send
RMRDY75N–. The families of flowering plants. Plants; Phanerogams. Fig. 38.—Pipewort (MriocOMlon septau- gulare). Showing enlarged flower and whole plant, natural size. Original. in dense spikes or panicles. Fig. 37.—Yellow-eyed grass {Kyria torta). Showing portion of plant and enlarged flower. Original. with many'of our showiest orchids. A parasite, on the other hand, de- rives its sustenance either wholly or in part from the host to which it is attached. The Bromeliaoeae contain about 36 genera and 900 species, entirely of tropical or subtropical distribu- tion. They have fleshy, often scurfy leaves,
RMRM8RMR–. Annual report - Western Society of Malacologists. Mollusks; Mollusks. Norrisia norrisi (Sowerby) is another trochid host of Chrysallida cincta. The parasite was found in place on the operculum of a dried specimen of Norrisia collected at Portuguese Bend, Palos Verdes Peninsula, Los Angeles County, California. Additional specimens were found dried in place on the opercula of Norrisia from three stations at Isla Cedros, Baja California Norte. Mexico. Although it was not observed living, the consistent placement of the dried Chrysallida on the opercula and the absence of other potential hosts e
RMRDAMK7–. Beginners' botany. Botany. taches itself to another plant, the dod- der dies away at the base and becomes wholly dependent. It produces flowers in clusters and seeds itself freely (Fig. 133). Parasites and Saprophytes. — A plant that is dependent on a living plant or animal is a parasite, and the plant or animal on which it lives is the host. The dodder is a true parasite; so are the rusts, mildews, and other fungi that attack leaves and shoots and injure them. The threads of a parasitic fungus usually creep through the intercellular spaces in the leaf or stem and send suckers (or haustoria)
![. Common Illinois insects : and why they are interesting. Insects -- Illinois. 21. Saddle-back {Sibine stimulea) destroyed by parasites. Millions of destructive caterpillars are victims of parasitic wasps whose larvae grow inside body and emerge to spin cocoons. (3x) Parasites differ from the preda- tors in that they enter the body of the victim, called the host, feeding on blood or tissues until full grown. By this time the host is dead or nearly so, and the parasite trans- forms to adult which mates and lays its Qgg on another victim. The long "sting" ou the body of the Long- taile Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/REFM6E/common-illinois-insects-and-why-they-are-interesting-insects-illinois-21-saddle-back-sibine-stimulea-destroyed-by-parasites-millions-of-destructive-caterpillars-are-victims-of-parasitic-wasps-whose-larvae-grow-inside-body-and-emerge-to-spin-cocoons-3x-parasites-differ-from-the-preda-tors-in-that-they-enter-the-body-of-the-victim-called-the-host-feeding-on-blood-or-tissues-until-full-grown-by-this-time-the-host-is-dead-or-nearly-so-and-the-parasite-trans-forms-to-adult-which-mates-and-lays-its-qgg-on-another-victim-the-long-quotstingquot-ou-the-body-of-the-long-taile-REFM6E.jpg ". Common Illinois insects : and why they are interesting. Insects -- Illinois. 21. Saddle-back {Sibine stimulea) destroyed by parasites. Millions of destructive caterpillars are victims of parasitic wasps whose larvae grow inside body and emerge to spin cocoons. (3x) Parasites differ from the preda- tors in that they enter the body of the victim, called the host, feeding on blood or tissues until full grown. By this time the host is dead or nearly so, and the parasite trans- forms to adult which mates and lays its Qgg on another victim. The long "sting" ou the body of the Long- taile Stock Photo")
RMREFM6E–. Common Illinois insects : and why they are interesting. Insects -- Illinois. 21. Saddle-back {Sibine stimulea) destroyed by parasites. Millions of destructive caterpillars are victims of parasitic wasps whose larvae grow inside body and emerge to spin cocoons. (3x) Parasites differ from the preda- tors in that they enter the body of the victim, called the host, feeding on blood or tissues until full grown. By this time the host is dead or nearly so, and the parasite trans- forms to adult which mates and lays its Qgg on another victim. The long "sting" ou the body of the Long- taile
RMRD40RW–. Elementary entomology. Entomology. HYMENOPTERA 249 upon or within a larva or an egg, the larger forms laying but a single egg on a larva, while the smaller species may deposit a con- siderable number within a large caterpillar. The young larva at once enters the body of the host and feeds upon its blood, not interfering with the principal tis- sues and organs, so that the host goes on growing and furnishing food to the parasite. Finally, however, the parasite so depletes the vitality of the host that it dies, though often not until it has transformed to a pupa. The parasitic larva then spins
![. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 57 though some weak points in the plant organization may be re- sponsible for the successful attack of the parasite, as has been experimentally proven within the last year. In other words, the most successful parasitic fungi are those which can stimulate the affected parts of host plants to extraordinary effort, or at least do not immediately injure those parts.. Fig. 26.—"Birds-nest" witches'-broom on red cedar caused by the birds-nest rust fungus (Gymnosporangium nidus-avis). The bush-like broom stands vertical o Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RDE4NY/minnesota-plant-diseases-plant-diseases-minnesota-plant-diseases-57-though-some-weak-points-in-the-plant-organization-may-be-re-sponsible-for-the-successful-attack-of-the-parasite-as-has-been-experimentally-proven-within-the-last-year-in-other-words-the-most-successful-parasitic-fungi-are-those-which-can-stimulate-the-affected-parts-of-host-plants-to-extraordinary-effort-or-at-least-do-not-immediately-injure-those-parts-fig-26quotbirds-nestquot-witches-broom-on-red-cedar-caused-by-the-birds-nest-rust-fungus-gymnosporangium-nidus-avis-the-bush-like-broom-stands-vertical-o-RDE4NY.jpg ". Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 57 though some weak points in the plant organization may be re- sponsible for the successful attack of the parasite, as has been experimentally proven within the last year. In other words, the most successful parasitic fungi are those which can stimulate the affected parts of host plants to extraordinary effort, or at least do not immediately injure those parts.. Fig. 26.—"Birds-nest" witches'-broom on red cedar caused by the birds-nest rust fungus (Gymnosporangium nidus-avis). The bush-like broom stands vertical o Stock Photo")
RMRDE4NY–. Minnesota plant diseases. Plant diseases. Minnesota Plant Diseases. 57 though some weak points in the plant organization may be re- sponsible for the successful attack of the parasite, as has been experimentally proven within the last year. In other words, the most successful parasitic fungi are those which can stimulate the affected parts of host plants to extraordinary effort, or at least do not immediately injure those parts.. Fig. 26.—"Birds-nest" witches'-broom on red cedar caused by the birds-nest rust fungus (Gymnosporangium nidus-avis). The bush-like broom stands vertical o
RMRHN6XR–. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. FIGURE 3. Photographs from a 16 mm motion picture record of the transfer by Peachia quinqnccapitata from one host to another, (a) Two medusae touching so that the parasitic anemone, attached to the medusa on the left, makes contact and adheres to the other medusa; (b) the parasite firmly attached to the two medusae; (c) the parasite just after completing the transfer. The previous host medusa is on the right and the new host is swimming away to the left; (d) a parasite holding a medusa with the tip of one tentacle. The body
RMRGWA8M–. Bulletin. Insects; Insect pests; Entomology; Insects; Insect pests; Entomology. 14 DECIDUOUS FRUIT INSECTS AND INSECTICIDES. Thrips are in the ground all of tMs time, and for the most part within reach of the cultivator, but they mature and arrive on the trees in March and April, before spring cultivating is begun. NATURAL ENEMIES. The pear thrips is largely protected from ordinary preaaceous and parasitic insects, because it spends so long a time hidden away in the ground. A successfid parasite must in a way parallel the life of its host, and we have found no insect which thus follows the p
RMRDE21H–. A text-book of mycology and plant pathology . Plant diseases; Fungi in agriculture; Plant diseases; Fungi. 304 GENERAL PLANT PATHOLOGY Parts of trees, however, may be killed.* The larch mistletoe, Razou- mofskya Douglasii laricis, is one which lives on the western larch in Idaho and Oregon and in the open places interferes seriously with the development of some of the more valuable timber trees. The sixth series includes the climbing parasites, which are destitute. Fig. 121.—Sectional view, partly diagrammatic, of a branch infected with mistletoe, showing relation of parasite and host, u, br
RMRGC74P–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture; Agriculture. 20 BULLETIN 360, U. S. DEPAETMEXT OF AGEICULTUEE. extra food materials in the healing tissues at this point exercised a beneficial influence on the parasite. The actual nutritive relation between these parasites and their hosts is not at present well understood. The constant removal of all the needles of six lodgepole pines 8 to 12 years old on which large clumps of mistletoe were attached has not in the second jesiv of the experiment resulted in the death of either the host or parasite. The controls, viz, six young pi
RMRE1C60–. Poultry diseases and their treatment. Poultry. EXTERNAL PARASITES 45 The tearing off of the scabs favors the escape of the para- sites, which in warm weather may live in the filth, roosts, nests or other parts of the building for at least thirty days, and may in that time find their way upon other birds and infest them, causing in turn scaly legs on the new host. Thus birds become affected by being placed In infested quarters, or by having an infested bird placed in the same lot or enclosure as at poultry shows, should any of the birds there be infested. Symptoms.—This parasite attacks chick
RMRDDAWN–. Farm friends and farm foes : a text-book of agricultural science . Agricultural pests; Beneficial insects; Insect pests. THE FOUR-WINGED PARASITES 177 illustrated on page 174. The egg develops within the body of the host into a white footless maggot that soon matures as a larva and changes to a pupa, which in turn shortly changes into an adult Pimpla. Many of the Ichneumon Flies deposit their eggs within the burrows of larvae that bore in the stems of herbaceous plants or the bark or trunks of shrubs and trees. In such cases, it evidently would be difficult for the mother parasite to find pr
RMRE2FDB–. Fundamentals of botany. Botany. 340 STRUCTURE AND LIFE HISTORIES of one flowering plant on another (Fig. 246). In some of these cases as, for example, the dodder (Cuscuta), the para- site may have completely lost the power of elaborating chlorophyll, and thus lack the function of photosynthesis;. Fig. 248.—Dodder {Cuscuta Sp.), in flower. Parasitic on a golden rod {Solidago ulmifolia). (Photo by Elsie M. Kittredge.) the parasitism is then complete (Figs. 247, 248 and 249). In other cases the parasite may retain its chlorophyll- apparatus, and hence be only partly dependent upon the host, as
![. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. 1066, U. S. Dept. of Agricult PLATE VIII.. The Hickory-Shoot Curculio. Efie in hickory shoot, exposed by removing bark; 6, pupae; c, hairworm parasite of larva by dead body of its host; d, curculio larva killed by larvae of parasitic fly, Chacto- chlorops inquilina, "with pupae of parasite on right; e, adult parasite C. tnquihna.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resembl Stock Photo](https://c8.alamy.com/comp/RG9KTA/bulletin-of-the-us-department-of-agriculture-agriculture-1066-u-s-dept-of-agricult-plate-viii-the-hickory-shoot-curculio-efie-in-hickory-shoot-exposed-by-removing-bark-6-pupae-c-hairworm-parasite-of-larva-by-dead-body-of-its-host-d-curculio-larva-killed-by-larvae-of-parasitic-fly-chacto-chlorops-inquilina-quotwith-pupae-of-parasite-on-right-e-adult-parasite-c-tnquihna-please-note-that-these-images-are-extracted-from-scanned-page-images-that-may-have-been-digitally-enhanced-for-readability-coloration-and-appearance-of-these-illustrations-may-not-perfectly-resembl-RG9KTA.jpg ". Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. 1066, U. S. Dept. of Agricult PLATE VIII.. The Hickory-Shoot Curculio. Efie in hickory shoot, exposed by removing bark; 6, pupae; c, hairworm parasite of larva by dead body of its host; d, curculio larva killed by larvae of parasitic fly, Chacto- chlorops inquilina, "with pupae of parasite on right; e, adult parasite C. tnquihna.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resembl Stock Photo")
RMRG9KTA–. Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Agriculture. 1066, U. S. Dept. of Agricult PLATE VIII.. The Hickory-Shoot Curculio. Efie in hickory shoot, exposed by removing bark; 6, pupae; c, hairworm parasite of larva by dead body of its host; d, curculio larva killed by larvae of parasitic fly, Chacto- chlorops inquilina, "with pupae of parasite on right; e, adult parasite C. tnquihna.. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resembl
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